Abstract
Background: Overweight and obesity have become a major public health concern in recent decades, particularly in patients with chronic health conditions like congenital heart disease (CHD). This systematic review elaborates on the prevalence and the longitudinal development of overweight and obesity in children and adults with CHD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus from January 2010 to December 2020 on overweight and obesity prevalence in children and adults with CHD. Results: Of 30 included studies, 15 studies evaluated 5680 pediatric patients with CHD, 9 studies evaluated 6657 adults with CHD (ACHD) and 6 studies examined 9273 both pediatric patients and ACHD. Fifteen studies received the quality rating “good”, nine studies “fair”, and six studies “poor”. In children with CHD, overweight prevalence was between 9.5–31.5%, and obesity prevalence was between 9.5–26%; in ACHD, overweight prevalence was between 22–53%, and obesity was between 7–26%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was thereby similar to the general population. Overweight and obesity have been shown to increase with age. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults with CHD is similar to the general population, demonstrating that the growing obesity pandemic is also affecting the CHD population.
Highlights
Overweight and obesity have become major public health concerns in recent decades [1]and are referred to as a global pandemic [2]
After screening titles and abstracts, 51 potential studies were retrieved for full-text analysis, of which 21 studies were excluded due to: main focus on the impact of overweight and obesity (n = 12), lacking focus on overweight and obesity (n = 5), focus on underweight (n = 1) and not exclusively assessing patients with congenital heart disease (CHD)
This systematic review shows that the overall distribution of overweight and obesity is consistent with the prevalence in the general population, in which overweight and obesity rates have increased dramatically in recent decades [37]
Summary
Overweight and obesity have become major public health concerns in recent decades [1]and are referred to as a global pandemic [2]. Overweight and obesity have become major public health concerns in recent decades [1]. As the majority of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) nowadays survive into adulthood [6], environmental and behavioral health risk factors are of concern in this patient cohort [7,8]. Overweight and obesity have become a major public health concern in recent decades, in patients with chronic health conditions like congenital heart disease (CHD). This systematic review elaborates on the prevalence and the longitudinal development of overweight and obesity in children and adults with CHD. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults with CHD is similar to the general population, demonstrating that the growing obesity pandemic is affecting the CHD population
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