Abstract
Performance-based design plays a significant role in the structural and earthquake engineering community to ensure both safety and economic feasibility. Its application to masonry building design/assessment is limited and requires straightforward rules considering the characteristics of masonry behavior. Nonlinear static procedures mainly cover regular frame system structures, and their application to both regular and irregular masonry buildings require further investigation. The present paper addresses two major issues: (i) the definition of irregularity in masonry buildings, and (ii) the applicability of classical nonlinear static procedures to irregular masonry buildings. It is observed that the irregularity definition is not comprehensive and has different descriptions among the seismic codes as well as among researchers, particularly in the case of masonry buildings. The lack of global language may result in the misuse of the procedures, while adjustments may be essential due to irregularity effects. Therefore, irregularity indices given by different codes and research studies are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of nonlinear static procedures implemented within the framework of the performance-based approach and improvements proposed for its application in masonry buildings is presented.
Highlights
Masonry construction is the oldest structural system, which, can be considered as the base for built heritage
The results show that the extended N2 method is conservative and provides accurate displacement demands which are similar to nonlinear dynamic analyses (NLD) results at the flexible sides of the models (Figure 15)
The proposed improvements are mainly limited to existing code formulations, namely, the N2, Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) or Displacement Coefficient Method (DCM) methods, which were developed for regular frame systems
Summary
Masonry construction is the oldest structural system, which, can be considered as the base for built heritage. Most of the traditional masonry structures were designed based on vertical loads only. Designing a masonry structure in such a way leads to enormous dimensions that are not compatible neither with aesthetical and architectural contexts nor with economic sources. This is relevant in the case of construction in regions with high seismic hazards. This is among the main reasons why masonry, as a structural material, has been replaced by other materials, such as reinforced concrete and steel. Unreinforced masonry buildings, as isolated or in aggregates (with rigid or flexible diaphragm), are largely found in many countries in the world with both low and high seismicity [1,2,3], which justify the improvement of European and American seismic codes concerning masonry structures [4]
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