Overview of post-discharge predictors for psychiatric re-hospitalisations: a systematic review of the literature

Systematic literature review. To examine the current knowledge of how social support and social skills are associated with aspects of health, functioning and quality of life of persons living with spinal cord injury (SCI). A systematic literature review was conducted. The literature search was carried out in Pubmed, PsycINFO, ERIC (Educational Resources Information Centre), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Embase and SSCI (Social Sciences Citation Index). Publications were identified according to predefined eligibility criteria; study qualities were evaluated, study results extracted and a narrative synthesis was compiled. In all, 58 publications about social support and SCI were included. Social support was positively related to physical and mental health, pain, coping, adjustment and life satisfaction. Social skills were assessed in 11 studies: social problem solving (n=7), assertiveness (n=3), verbal communication (n=1) and self-monitoring (n=1) were examined. Effective problem-solving skills were related to better mental health outcomes, health prevention behavior and less secondary conditions. Assertiveness was related to higher depression in rehabilitation setting. Interventions targeted at social support or social skills were scarcely studied. Only one study examined the relationship between social skills and social support in SCI. Social support is associated with better health and functioning in individuals with SCI. However, the full range of social skills has not yet been studied in people with SCI. Furthermore, the role of social skills in relation to social support, health and functioning remains unclear. Better understanding of social skills and social support in SCI could facilitate the development of targeted and effective interventions to enhance functioning of people with SCI.

BackgroundCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a cancer death is a major risk factor for pathological bereavement. This systematic review of the literature aimed to identify biopsychosocial and existential determinants specific to the palliative phase of cancer that influence the grieving experience of the caregiving relative.MethodA systematic review of the literature was conducted without language or time restrictions. The Cairn, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycArticle, PsychInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection databases were explored. All studies assessing pre- and post-death measures and focusing on friends and relatives caring for adults with cancer in palliative care services were included in the review.ResultsOut of 645 articles identified, 18 full text studies were finally included in our systematic review of the literature. Many factors specific to the cancer palliative phase were identified as influencing the bereavement experience of caregivers, with factors relating to: 1) the caregiver (e.g. social support, psychological burden, preparation for loss, action and discussion related to death); 2) the patient (e.g. denial or acceptance); 3) the interactions between patient and their caregivers (e.g. tensions, communication difficulties, and presence at the time of death); and 4) the end-of-life context. The caregiver's grief experience can be described by the following terms: typical and pathological grief, anxiety, depression, guilt, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth, and life satisfaction.Conclusions Many contextual, sociodemographic, dispositional and transactional factors specific to the palliative cancer phase are involved in the caregiver's grieving experience. Avenues for reflection and recommendations are proposed including supporting communication and patient-relative relationships, evaluating the nature and degree of functionality of coping strategies, strengthening the robustness of methodologies, considering impact of COVID-19, and new lines of enquiry for research.

Human error remains a significant contributor to aviation accidents despite continuous technological advancements in aircraft systems. This study presents a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of the literature examining the relationship between pilot flight experience, stress, automation dependence, and complacency. Using a structured systematic review approach, relevant studies published between 1990 and 2025 were identified and analysed from major academic databases and aviation regulatory sources. The findings reveal a complex and interdependent relationship among the variables. While pilot experience enhances situational awareness and decision-making, it may also lead to overconfidence and reduced vigilance over time. Stress demonstrates a dual effect, where moderate levels improve performance, but excessive stress impairs cognitive functioning and increases reliance on automation. Automation dependence, although beneficial in reducing workload, is strongly associated with decreased situational awareness, skill degradation, and increased complacency. Quantitative synthesis indicates a strong positive relationship between automation dependence and complacency, alongside moderate relationships involving stress and experience. The study highlights critical research gaps, particularly the lack of integrated models and limited context-specific studies in developing aviation environments. It concludes by recommending enhanced training, improved human-centred automation design, and stronger safety culture initiatives to mitigate complacency and improve overall aviation safety. Keywords: Aviation Safety; Human Factors; Pilot Experience; Stress; Automation Dependence; Complacency; Situational Awareness; Flight Operations; Safety Culture; Meta-Analysis.

This study is a systematic review of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) studies concerning primary mathematics education published between 2005 and 2022. The aim of the systematic review was to identify the common features of previous TPACK research on primary mathematics education and identify the research gaps based on their contexts. The study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) procedure to investigate TPACK-related studies published during the last 17 years in the primary mathematics education domain and to evaluate the characteristics of TPACK instruments used in primary mathematics education. We identified five foci of these studies of TPACK in primary mathematics education research: designing lessons, evaluating mathematics teachers’ knowledge of integrating digital technologies, designing the assessment, evaluating training programs, and informing professional development program designs. Findings from this systematic review of the literature can assist educators in better designing professional development programs to help primary mathematics teachers improve their ability to integrate digital technology into classroom teaching. Also, the findings can assist researchers in locating TPACK instruments that are appropriate and relevant for their research. Finally, we argue that there is a research gap concerning how to measure primary mathematics teachers’ TPACK, how to design a TPACK instrument that includes contextual factors, and how to develop TPACK-oriented teacher training programs for primary mathematics teachers.

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely damaged the world economy. Due to the COVID-19 infection, hospitalization is in high demand. Numerous COVID-19 patients are treated medically, released from the hospital, and then relapse and need to undergo treatment because they test positive. This places a strain on the health services, and the number of relapses is rarely reported in the literature. The purpose of the study is to assess individual and frequency-based factors that influence readmission of COVID-19 patients.
 Methods: This study uses a systematic review of the literature, using the PICO strategy for the construction of the research question, the bibliographic search and the best available scientific information in the systematization.
 Results: The traits of the chosen studies are compiled in Table 3. In the period from March 30, 2020, to February 23, 2021, 28 studies were published. The majority of studies were carried out in China, with Wuhan reporting the highest number. There were also some studies conducted outside of China, including one from South Korea, six from the United States specifically, one from Spain, and one from Turkey. Age 65 was a risk factor for readmission or re-positive rates, which ranged from 3.6% to 67.1%. 
 Conclusion: The hospital strictly controls Covid-19 patients before they are allowed to leave the hospital to prevent recurrence as a result of relapse in Covid-19 patients during the pandemic.

Functional Decline in Residents Living in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review of the Literature

This paper discusses the effect of corporate culture precedents (i.e., job satisfaction, training, organizational justice, and ethical leadership) on marketing norms acceptance or violation (i.e., unethical practices of 4Ps) in an organization. In the analysis of behavior precedents, this paper analyzes the subsequent stage that predicts ethical behavior: corporate culture precedents. Moreover, the proposed model encompasses the moderating effects of contextual (i.e., ethical optimism, organizational factors, and industry factors) and individual (i.e., moral philosophies, demography, and personality traits) factors on the relationship between cultural precedents and marketing norms acceptance. Based on the discussions, the paper offers a set of propositions regarding the impacts of cultural precedents on marketing norms and the moderating roles of individual and contextual factors. Investigating the predictors of engaging in unethical acts in 4Ps leaves room for research since the attention to the topic has not been balanced and except for promotion and advertisement, other marketing mix variables (i.e., product, price, and distribution management) have attracted limited research focus. According to the proposed model, managers should focus on job satisfaction, training, ethical leadership and organizational/distributive justice to increase the chance of acceptance of marketing norms in the organization. Managers should also be aware of the role of moderating factors such as demography and personal traits of the people who they work with. By considering these roles, managers can better implement marketing norms in the organization. Keywords: Ethical Culture, Cultural Precedents, Marketing-Related Norms, Individual Factors, Contextual Factors.

The purpose of this systematic review of international research is to summarize the available literature on active music making interventions with adult offenders in forensic settings (i.e. forensic psychiatry or correctional facilities at different security levels). A systematic search of 13 electronic databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis (PRISMA) statement was employed. 28 articles fitting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The search revealed mainly qualitative and narrative reports including articles on group music therapy, educational music making, choir interventions, individual music therapy sessions and musical projects. The musical interventions are described in detail to provide therapists with ideas on how to set up session with clients in this particular situation and to help understand the possible impact of musical interventions in the forensic setting. Furthermore, implications from the current evidence and ideas for future research are discussed. Note: Due to the length of the review it is published in two subsequent issues. This is the first part of the review focusing on group interventions. The second part of the review is published in the subsequent issue of Music and Medicine focusing on case studies and established music programs in the forensic setting.

Knee joint distraction (KJD) is a potential technique for cartilage regeneration in young patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Static distraction has been utilised typically; however, a significant proportion of patients complain of knee stiffness post-distractor removal. The use of a hinged distractor may reduce the duration and severity of post-treatment knee stiffness by maintaining the range of motion during distraction. Furthermore, improved cartilage regeneration has been demonstrated in hinged ankle joint distraction as compared to static, and this may also be demonstrated at the knee. An evidence review was undertaken to inform further research and a potential change in practice. A systematic review of all primary research on hinged knee joint distraction for cartilage regeneration. An online systematic search of citation databases was conducted. Quality assessment and data extraction were undertaken by two separate researchers. The literature search returned a small number of relevant studies, of which 7 were included. Three of these were animal studies, two cadaveric and two case series. The study quality was low or very low. There was significant methodological heterogeneity with difficulties encountered in the transfer of constructs from animal and cadaveric studies to humans. Issues faced included difficulties with hinge placement and pin site pain in motion. The feasibility of hinged knee joint distraction has yet to be proven. Any further research attempting to establish the benefits of hinged-over static knee distraction will have to take construct design considerations into account. Lineham B, van Duren B, Harwood P, et al. The Feasibility of Hinged Knee Arthrodiastasis for Cartilage Regeneration: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2023;18(1):37-43.

The purpose of this systematic review of international research is to summarize the available literature on active music making interventions with adult offenders in forensic settings (i.e. forensic psychiatry or correctional facilities at different security levels). A systematic search of 13 electronic databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis (PRISMA) statement was employed. 28 articles fitting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The search revealed mainly qualitative and narrative reports including articles on group music therapy, educational music making, choir interventions, individual music therapy sessions and musical projects. The musical interventions are described in detail to provide therapists with ideas on how to set up session with clients who may be in this particular situation and to help them understand the possible impact of musical interventions in the forensic setting. Furthermore, implications from the current evidence and ideas for future research are discussed. Note: Due to the length of the review it is published in two subsequent issues. This is the second part of the review focusing on case studies and the Good Vibrations program. The first part of the review was published in the previous issue of Music and Medicine focusing on group interventions.

The objective of the present study was to analyze individual, contextual and social support factors associated with periodontal condition among 2332 dentate elderly Brazilian participants from the São Paulo State Oral Health Survey 2015 (SBSP-15). Methods: This study used the database compiled by the SBSP-15, conducted from January to December in 2015. The associations were made by relative risk (RR), with Multilevel Poisson Regressions, among individual, contextual and social support variables, and had periodontal diseases as outcomes. Results: The mean age of elders was 70.13 years (SD 5.67). The risk factors for all outcomes of periodontal diseases were male gender and self-perceived color of non-white skin. Regarding social support, feeling unhappy was a risk factor for the presence of shallow periodontal pockets (3–5mm) RR 1.43(CI 95% 1.10–1.86). The coverage of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) was a protective factor for gingival bleeding RR = 0.7(CI 95% 0.44–0.99) and calculus RR = 0.75(CI 95% 0.60–0.95), and a risk factor for the number of lost sextants (sextants with only one tooth or without any teeth) RR = 1.12(CI 95% 1.00–1.28). Living in municipalities with more than 90% fluoridation coverage was a protective factor for the number of lost sextants RR = 0.89(CI 95% 0.78–0.99). Conclusions: The study showed evidence that individual (gender and self-perceived skin color), contextual (coverage of the family health strategy and water fluoridation) and social support factors (feeling unhappy) are associated with the clinical outcomes of periodontal diseases in Brazilian elders. This reinforces the need for transdisciplinary actions in the FHS, stimulating work together and intersectoral collaboration between FHS and NASF (Family Health Support Center).

Early adverse emotional response which is often detected in the form of depressive symptoms is a predictor of postpartum depression following the birth. The aim of our study is to highlight contextual and individual factors that have an impact on mothers' depressive symptoms during the early postpartum period. One hundred mothers participated in the study. Maternal depressive symptoms were screened by Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and maternal anxiety level was assessed by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at early postpartum period (7–10 days). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used for the assessment of maternal social support. The Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) was used to determine the attachment style of the mother. The mean EPDS score of mothers who live in extended families is found to be significantly lower than mothers who live in nuclear families (extended families 7.13 ± 7.39, nuclear families 11.77 ± 5.96, p = 0.006). Significant positive correlations were found between EPDS total scores and ambivalent attachment style group (r = .0436, p = .000), and avoidant attachment style group (r = .328, p = .001). The level of perceived family support also showed a negative correlation with EPDS total score (r = −.363, p = .000). The regression of EPDS total score with ambivalent attachment style and state anxiety level are positively predicted and the level of perceived family support and existence of wider social network negatively predict the EPDS total score in the first postpartum week. Maternal attachment patterns, living with the extended family and existence of family support have an important impact on early postpartum emotional adaptation. Early intervention strategies should count towards these individual and contextual factors when designing screening and preventive interventions for postpartum depression.

Purpose: The interest of women in entrepreneurship is considered a catalyst for economic growth in developing countries. However, female representation among entrepreneurs remains comparatively low in relation to their male counterparts, a phenomenon that has garnered the attention of numerous researchers. The present study aims to analyze the entrepreneurial intentions of university students through a systematic review of the extant literature. It seeks to identify the most salient thematic trends, understand the factors that determine these intentions, and highlight the challenges and opportunities in this field. The study's overarching objective is to furnish a framework to guide future research by exploring existing gaps and potential connections between key theories and variables within the context of female university entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach: A systematic review of the literature based on PRISMA 2020 is proposed, which synthesizes quantitative and qualitative literature on the subject.Findings: Research on entrepreneurial intention among university women has grown exponentially, focusing on "self-efficacy.” Concepts such as "Covid-19" and "entrepreneurial passion" are highlighted. The prevailing theories include the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which provides a solid framework. Attitude, subjective norms, self-efficacy, entrepreneurial education, and behavioral control were key variables. Gaps include preferences for TPB and a lack of understanding of emerging economies and gender. A comprehensive agenda is needed to address these gaps and to advance the understanding of entrepreneurial intentions among university women.Originality/value: This study's originality lies in its comprehensive systematic review of the literature on entrepreneurial intentions among university women. It stands out for its detailed analysis of dominant theories, key variables, and identified research gaps in this field. Moreover, the study's cross-cutting focus on the concept of 'self-efficacy' and the inclusion of emerging themes such as entrepreneurial passion and social support, along with the potential impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, add a current and relevant dimension to understanding women's entrepreneurial motivations in the university context.

BackgroundReadmission rate is considered an indicator of the mental health care quality. Previous studies have examined a number of factors that are likely to influence readmission. The main objective of this systematic review is to identify the studied pre-discharge variables and describe their relevance to readmission among psychiatric patients.MethodsStudies on the association between pre-discharge variables and readmission after discharge with a main psychiatric diagnosis were searched in the bibliographic databases Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, ProQuest Health Management and OpenGrey. Relevant publications published between January 1990 and June 2014 were included. For each variable, the number of papers that considered it as a predictor of readmission and that found a significant association was recorded, together with the association direction and whether it was found respectively in bivariate and in multivariate analyses.ResultsOf the 734 articles identified in the search, 58 papers were included in this review, mainly from the USA and concerning patients with severe mental disorders. Analysed variables were classified according to the following categories: patients’ demographic, social and economic characteristics; patients’ clinical characteristics; patients’ clinical history; patients’ attitude and perception; environmental, social and hospital characteristics; and admission and discharge characteristics. The most consistently significant predictor of readmission was previous hospitalisations. Many socio-demographic variables resulted as influencing readmission, but the results were not always homogeneous. Among other patients’ clinical characteristics, diagnosis and measures of functional status were the most often used variables. Among admission characteristics, length of stay was the main factor studied; however, the results were not very consistent. Other relevant aspects resulted associated with readmission, including the presence of social support, but they have been considered only in few papers. Results of quality assessment are also reported in the review. The majority of papers were not representative of the general psychiatric population discharged from an inpatient service. Almost all studies used multivariate analytical methods, i.e., confounders were controlled for, but only around 60% adjusted for previous hospitalisation, the variable most consistently considered associated to readmission in the literature.ConclusionsThe results contribute to increase knowledge on pre-discharge factors that could be considered by researchers as well as by clinicians to predict and prevent readmissions of psychiatric patients. Associations are not always straightforward and interactions between factors have to be considered.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1114-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A systematic review of the literature on the determinants of voting leads to classifying them as individual and contextual factors, which, in turn, can consist of demographic, psychological, macro-demographic, political and institutional variables. This analysis shows that, far from being a “natural act”, the action of voting has high costs for the potential voter. From this perspective, the abstentionist should not be demonized as a “bad citizen”. Furthermore, forcing citizens to vote in order to increase voter turnout could be counterproductive, since there is empirical evidence that compulsory voting produces less informed electoral decisions that deteriorates the quality of democracy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21017/Rev.Repub.2019.v27.a73