Abstract
Joint pain is a common symptom in children and adolescents. While there are many causes of joint pain in children, most of these are acute or not related to underlying joint inflammation. Chronic arthritis, however, can be one of the reasons behind the joint pain. The most common causes of chronic arthritis in children are categorized under juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important clinical features, work-up, and medical management of the different subtypes of JIA.
Highlights
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most common cause of arthritis in childhood
One of the most widely used classification criteria was proposed by the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) in 1995 through expert consensus, and has undergone subsequent revisions [2]
The remainder of this review describes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and medical management of JIA
Summary
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most common cause of arthritis in childhood. JIA is an umbrella term that captures several subtypes of chronic arthritis that have varying clinical features. Each of these subtypes has a different prognosis, complications, and treatments. To help better understand JIA for research purposes, generally accepted classification criteria are used. These are not diagnostic, they can help guide physicians when treating a child with arthritis. To make the diagnosis of JIA, mimickers of arthritis, including infections, malignancy, myositis, and other forms of chronic arthritis must be excluded. The ILAR classification criteria divide JIA into seven subtypes. Their definitions, as well as exclusion criteria, are de-
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