Abstract
This paper summarizes information about the division of bacteriocins into classes (Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and archaea). Methods for producing bacteriocins have been studied. It is known that bacteriocins, most successfully used today are products of secondary metabolism of lactic acid bacteria. It is established that the main method of bacteriocin research is PCR analysis, which makes it possible to quickly and easily identify the presence of bacteriocin encoding genes. The mechanism of cytotoxic action of bacteriocins has been studied. It is proved that the study of cytotoxic (antitumor) activity in laboratory conditions will lead to the clinical use of bacteriocins for cancer treatment in the near future. It is established that the incorporation of bacteriocins into nanoparticles and targeted delivery to areas of infection may soon become an effective treatment method. The delivery of bacteriocins in a concentrated form, such as encapsulated in nanoparticles, will increase their effectiveness and minimize potential toxic side effects. The analysis of publications on this topic confirmed that diverse research on bacteriocins is relevant.
Highlights
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized proteins or short polypeptides that have antibacterial activity and are closely related to the producing strain
Bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria are of particular interest, due to the industrial use of several strains belonging to this group, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which have the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status
AI-type lantibiotics include nisin, epilancin 15X, and microbisporicin. Their antibacterial action is based on inhibition of cell wall synthesis as a result of binding of the bacteriocin N-terminal domain to lipid II, which is a precursor of peptidoglycan
Summary
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized proteins or short polypeptides that have antibacterial activity and are closely related to the producing strain. Bacteriocins are antibacterial peptides synthesized by ribosomes produced by bacteria that inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains [9]. Bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria are of particular interest, due to the industrial use of several strains belonging to this group, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which have the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status. The interest in them is even greater when resistance to antibacterial agents used in therapy is growing [12] It is expected [13] that the bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria will be safe antimicrobial agents. The best known bacteriocins are produced by lactic acid bacteria, including nisin, produced by strains of Lactococcus lactis. The study is relevant, since it systematizes information related to the detection of specific biochemical lesions in cells using bacteriocins and possible methods of combating these lesions
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