Overseas R&D investment and enterprise digital transformation

Extant research focuses on the antecedents and outcomes of digital transformation in enterprises. This study intends to investigate the driving factors of digital transformation from an international perspective, explicating the relationship between enterprises' overseas R&D investments and digital transformation. Drawing on insights from the perspectives of social networks and resource-based views, we argue that overseas R&D investment can facilitate the digital transformation of enterprises. And this positive effect is strengthened as the enterprise is non-state-owned and conglomerate-affiliated and as its motivation is exploratory learning when it implements its overseas R&D investment. We employ the PSM-DID model and heterogeneity tests to investigate the impact and boundary conditions of overseas R&D investment on digital transformation, using data from Chinese listed enterprises across six manufacturing industries between 2010 and 2018. Our analysis finds supportive evidence. We discuss implications for the burgeoning literature on digital transformation and international business.

ЦИФРОВА ПАРАДИГМА ЯК ОСНОВА ВИЗНАЧЕНЬ: ЦИФРОВИЙ БІЗНЕС, ЦИФРОВЕ ПІДПРИЄМСТВО, ЦИФРОВА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ

SRDI enterprises are a strong engine for the high-quality development of the economy and an important implementation body for the construction of a strong digital country. With the booming development of digital economy, digital transformation is one of the effective paths to empower the high-quality development of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, the digital transformation of SRDI enterprises is not a simple stacked combination of elements, but rather a complex linkage system that contains many conditional elements. The cracking of the digital transformation of SRDI enterprises urgently needs to be explored by the academic community. In order to analyze the key success factors of digital transformation in SRDI enterprises, to determine whether individual elements constitute the necessary conditions for the digital transformation of an enterprise, and to explore which antecedent configurations are more conducive to the success of an enterprise’s digital transformation, this study takes 39 “SRDI” enterprises in Zhejiang Province as samples and uses the Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method. Based on the “technology-organization-environment” framework, it examines the digital transformation path of “SRDI” enterprises from a configurational perspective. The following results were found in this study: the group patterns leading to high levels of digital transformation can be divided into the following four types: organization-environment linkage, pressure-strategy synergy, organization-led, and total-factor-driven. The group patterns leading to low levels of digital transformation can be divided into the following four types: total-factor-deficient, single-technology type, technology-biased, and organization-deficient. A digital strategy is an important condition for SRDI enterprises to realize high-level digital transformation, and the external environmental influences contribute to the realization of digital transformation and upgrading of enterprises, with the pressure of industry competition being more critical.

Введение. Современные кейсы компаний наглядно показывают сосредоточенность менеджмента промышленных предприятий на цифровой трансформации и на обеспечении устойчивого развития, которые, как правило, реализуются независимо друг от друга. Однако следует учитывать, что сочетание этих процессов на предприятии, зачастую, даёт синергетический эффект. Целью работы является построение концептуальных моделей взаимодействия и взаимопроникновения цифровой трансформации и устойчивого развития в управлении цифровым развитием промышленного предприятия. Методология исследования. В работе применены методы анализа, синтеза, обобщения и графического моделирования. Использованы результаты исследований российских и зарубежных авторов, опубликованные в высокорейтинговых научных журналах, а также данные официальных веб-сайтов организаций. Результаты исследования. Основываясь на современных взглядах в сфере цифровых технологий и ESG-подхода, автором предложены концептуальные модели интеграции (взаимопроникновения) цифровой трансформации и устойчивого развития промышленного предприятия. Представлена авторская трактовка понятий «ответственное цифровое развитие промышленного предприятия» и «устойчивое цифровое развитие промышленного предприятия» с позиции направленности целей устойчивого развития организации (при ориентации на конкретный вид ответственности или при отсутствии такого предпочтения). Для обозначения развития, отвечающего принципам ESG, предлагается использовать термины «устойчивое развитие формата ESG» и «ESG-устойчивая цифровая трансформация». Указано, что ситуативная приоритизация одного или двух принципов ESG проявляется в осуществлении менеджментом предприятия цифрового ESG-ответственного развития и цифровой ESG-ответственной трансформации. Выводы. Научная новизна полученных результатов заключается в разработке актуальных и позволяющих практическое применение в управлении предприятием моделей, учитывающих научно состоятельные концепты устойчивого развития и цифровой трансформации предприятий. Предложенный набор терминов является полным, поскольку учитывает все возможные сочетания цифровой трансформации и устойчивого развития предприятия. Внедрение авторских концептуальных моделей в систему управления промышленным предприятием позволит организациям соответствовать актуальному тренду всеобщей направленности на цифровизацию и устойчивое развитие. Ориентация на предложенные модели поможет руководителям сохранить и усилить конкурентные преимущества, а также обеспечить устойчивый рост своих организаций. Introduction.Modern company cases clearly demonstrate the focus of industrial enterprise management on digital transformation and ensuring sustainable development, which are usually implemented independently of each other. However, it should be taken into consideration that the combination of these processes at an enterprise often produces a synergistic effect. The aim of the study is to build conceptual models of interaction and interpenetration of digital transformation and sustainable development in the management of digital development of an industrial enterprise. Methods. The study employed the methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and graphical modeling. The findings of Russian and foreign researchers published in highly rated scientific journals, as well as data from official websites of organizations were used. Results. Based on current views in the field of digital technologies and the ESG approach, the author proposes conceptual models of integration (interpenetration) of digital transformation and sustainable development of an industrial enterprise. The author's interpretation of the notions "responsible digitaldevelopment of an industrial enterprise" and "sustainable digital development of an industrial enterprise" is presented from the position of directing the organization's sustainable development goals (when focusing on a specific type of responsibility or in the absence of such a preference). The author uses the terms "sustainable ESG development" and "ESG-sustainable digital transformation" to designate the development that meets the ESG principles. It is indicated that the situational prioritization of one or two ESG principles is manifested in the implementation of digital ESG-responsible development and digital ESG-responsible transformation by the enterprise management. Conclusion.The scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in the development of relevant and allowable practical application in corporate management models that take into account the scientific and characteristic concepts of sustainable development and digital transformation of enterprises. The proposed set of terms is complete, since it takes into account all possible combinations of digital transformation and sustainable development of the enterprise. The introduction of the author's conceptual models into the management system of an industrial enterprise will enable organizations to comply with the global focus on digitalization and sustainable development. Orientation towards the proposed models will help managers maintain and strengthen competitive advantages, as well as ensure sustainable growth of their organizations.

Aim. The work aimed to study the conceptual content of the digital transformation of industrial enterprises, as well as to identify and systematize the characteristics of digital transformation as an innovation distinct from traditional types of innovation. Objectives. The work seeks to analyze the approaches to interpreting the concept of “digital transformation”; to substantiate the need to identify a special type of innovation, namely digital innovation, for classification purposes; and to identify the elements and stages of implementing digital transformation as a digital innovation. Methods. The study employed comparison and classification, analysis and synthesis, and structural modeling within a systems approach. Results. Digital transformation implies the widespread adoption of digital technologies. It differs from digitalization in the scale and depth of changes, since digital transformation encompasses all aspects of activity and is comprehensive and radical in nature, while digitalization can be targeted. Digital transformation of an industrial enterprise, which contains an element of novelty, is a type of innovation. However, within the traditional classification scheme, it is difficult to determine the type to which it can be classified. It is proposed to consider digital transformation of enterprises as a special type of innovation, that is as digital innovation. The key difference between digital innovation and traditional innovation is its reliance on new digital technologies, while digital innovation can also be involved in the creation or improvement of products and processes, as well as the transformation of business models in general. Conclusions. Digital transformation cannot be examined only from a technological perspective. It involves changes to the organization’s overall management system (organizational structure and management mechanisms, business processes, corporate culture, employee engagement, and competencies). Due to this composite nature, applying traditional innovation classifications to digital transformation is challenging. Therefore, it seems rational to identify a specific type of innovation, namely digital innovation, that can be associated with both individual products and processes and the business model as a whole. An innovative business model for an industrial enterprise has more capabilities for success than a single innovative product or process. Incremental improvements do not yield radically new solutions for meeting customer needs and the methods for achieving them. Digital transformation has the potential for such change.

Pollution reduction effect of the digital transformation of heavy metal enterprises under the agglomeration effect

Based on the data of financial statements of A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2022 and ESG index data of Huazheng Company, this paper empirically analyzes the effect and mechanism of digital transformation on the new quality productive forces of enterprises. The results show that digital transformation can significantly promote the improvement of the new quality productive forces of enterprises, and the results are still valid after dealing with endogenous problems, eliminating special years and changing cluster test. Heterogeneity analysis shows that from the perspective of enterprise nature, the digital transformation of state-owned enterprises and high-tech enterprises has a more significant role in promoting the new quality productive forces of enterprises. The mechanism research shows that digital transformation can promote ESG practice of enterprises, and then promote the improvement of new quality productive forces level of enterprises. Therefore, it is proposed to accelerate the green transformation of enterprise development mode, promote the digital transformation of enterprises and corporate social responsibility governance by institutional supply, and strengthen the empowerment effect of internal governance of digital technology, hoping to provide useful reference for the development of new quality productive forces of enterprises.

Background: The goal of “peak carbon and carbon neutrality” has pointed out the direction for the digital transformation (DIT) of enterprises. Companies need to pay a price when they seek green development or fulfill environmental responsibility. Out of self-interest, enterprises may exaggerate their environmental performance (EP) and then greenwashing behavior appears. Whether DIT can curb greenwashing behavior is a topic worth discussing.Objective: This paper proposes a theoretical framework for the influence of DIT on greenwashing and further discusses how government subsidies, resource slack, and external pressure affect them. The data of China’s listed A - share companies are used to test this theoretical framework.Methods: In this paper, multiple linear regression method is used to test the theoretical mechanism, and Hausman test and instrumental variable method are used to test the correctness of the conclusions.Results: (1) DIT has an inhibitory effect on greenwashing. (2) Government subsidies, resource slack, and public pressure positively moderate the relationship. (3) The effect of DIT does inhibit symbolic behavior, but the impact on substantive behavior is not obvious. The moderating effects of various variables are also different.Discussion: It is suggested that the government take the lead in building more digital public participation platforms to improve the online monitoring and early warning ability of enterprises’ greenwashing behavior, tourge enterprises to configure more intelligent and digital cleaner production equipment and facilities, and to improve their environmental performance. Local governments are encouraged to seize the trend of enterprises’ digital green transformation, introduce more government subsidy policies for DIT, improve digital infrastructure and digital intellectual property protection, and escort enterprises’ green DIT. The government and the banks should cooperate to give more green preferential loans, tax relief, and other measures to enterprises undergoing green DIT.

In recent years, under the background of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, China has vigorously promoted the digital transformation of enterprises. Taking the listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares in 2012-2022 as samples, this paper empirically examines the relationship between digital transformation and the high-quality development of enterprises. The results show that the digital transformation of enterprises can significantly and positively affect the high-quality development of enterprises. At the same time, the degree of internal control and financing constraints of enterprises plays a moderating role in digital transformation and high-quality development of enterprises. In the samples with different equity rights and whether they are high-tech enterprises, the digital transformation of enterprises has different effects on the high-quality development of enterprises. This paper puts digital transformation and high-quality development of enterprises into the same analytical framework, expands the existing research, and puts forward corresponding suggestions and prospects.

Analysis of the dynamic evolution process of the digital transformation of renewable energy enterprises based on the cooperative and evolutionary game model

This paper firstly conducts a theoretical analysis on the digital transformation of enterprises. Theories such as Marxism and new institutional economics related to the digital transformation of enterprises are sorted out. Secondly, it conducts an empirical analysis on the digital transformation of high-tech enterprises. This paper summarizes the three major transformation paths of the existing production service digitization, marketing model digitization, and industrial digitization. Based on the data analysis of the questionnaire, this paper summarizes the difficulties of digital transformation of high-tech enterprises, mainly due to the lack of transformation ability, resulting in “cannot transfer”; the lack of self-development conditions and digital transformation, resulting in “will not transfer”; digital transformation lacks full guarantee, resulting in “do not dare to turn.” And based on the analytic hierarchy process, the influencing factors of the digital transformation of high-tech enterprises are analyzed, and the relative importance of each factor is obtained.

The digital transformation of Chinese construction enterprises is crucial for achieving sustainable and high-quality development in the construction industry. However, there is still a lack of in-depth research on the impact mechanism of digital transformation in construction enterprises. The purpose of this study is to explore the multiple influencing factors and complex causal relationships of digital transformation in construction enterprises and promote the deep integration of digitalization and construction enterprises. To this end, based on the dual-effect perspective (net effect perspective of a single influencing factor and configuration effect perspective of multiple influencing factors), using the “technology–organization–environment” framework (TOE framework) to construct a research model of influencing factors for digital transformation in construction enterprises. A sample of 236 construction enterprise managers was surveyed, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) methods were used to empirically analyze the dual effects of influencing factors for digital transformation in construction enterprises. The results show that: (1) from the net effect perspective, there are seven factors that significantly impact digital transformation in construction enterprises; (2) from the configuration effect perspective, there are three paths that can achieve high-level digital transformation in construction enterprises, and one path that leads to low-level digital transformation; (3) from the dual-effect perspective, top management support and policy support are key factors for digital transformation in Chinese construction enterprises. The research results enrich the relevant research on digital transformation in construction enterprises and provide a reference basis for promoting digital transformation in construction enterprises.

The author explains the ambiguity of the meaning of digitization, digitalization and digital transformation expressions. She discusses the genesis of digital transformation of enterprises, and compares the access, scope and quality of used technological innovations, ITC solutions, digital software and hardware in companies in various sectors, and of different sizes and scope of functioning. The digitization, digitalization and digital transformation are often used incorrectly and interchangeably without proper understanding, especially when one talks about business. Digitalization leads to a digital business, which is essential together with full digitization to start the digital transformation of the society, environment and business itself. Investing in appropriate computer equipment, digital devices, machines and robots involves costly purchase and expenditure of money for their software, service and updating. In addition, an extremely important element of transformation is the constant need to acquire more expertise and competences, which can also be, and usually is, expensive.

With advanced science and digital technology, digital transformation has become an important way to promote the sustainable development of enterprises. However, the existing research only focuses on the linear relationship between a single characteristic and digital transformation. In this study, we select the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2020, innovatively use the machine learning method and explore the differences in the predictive effects of multi-dimensional features on the digital transformation of enterprises based on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theory, thus identifying the main drivers affecting digital transformation and the fitting models with stronger predictive effect. The study found that: first, by comparing machine learning and traditional linear regression models, it is found that the prediction ability of ensemble earning method is generally higher than that of tradition measurement method. For the sample data selected in this research, XGBoost and LightGBM have strong explanatory ability and high prediction accuracy. Second, compared with the technical driving force and environmental driving force, the organizational driving force has a greater impact. Third, among these characteristics, equity concentration and executives’ knowledge level in organizational dimension have the greatest impact on digital transformation. Therefore, enterprise managers should always pay attention to the decision-making role of equity concentration and executives’ knowledge level. This study further enriches the literature on digital transformation in enterprises, expands the application of machine learning in economics, and provides a theoretical basis for enterprises to enhance digital transformation.

In the new era of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, how to promote the high-quality development of enterprises is an important foundation for realizing high-quality economic development. As one of the six advantageous industries in Sichuan Province, the high-quality development of the equipment manufacturing industry is related to the level of high-quality development of the province. quality development of the equipment manufacturing industry is re-lated to the level of high-quality development of the province and even the na-tional economy. Therefore, this paper takes the research sample of A-share listed enterprises in equipment manufacturing industry in Sichuan province from 2014 to 2023, and explores the impact of this industry on the economy of the province. 2014 to 2023, and explores the impact relationship between digital transformation, technological innovation, and enterprise high-quality develop-ment from the perspective of enterprise ESG. The empirical findings show that (1) both digital transformation and technological innovation can significantly promote the high-quality development of enterprise ESG. The empirical findings show that (1) both digital transformation and technological innovation can sig-nificantly promote the high-quality development of equipment manufacturing enterprises, and technological innovation has a mediating role; (2) in the test of heterogeneity, the impact relationship between digital transformation, techno-logical innovation, and enterprise high-quality development from the perspec-tive of enterprise ESG. in the test of heterogeneity, the digital transformation of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) promotes the high-quality development of en-terprises more than that of non-SOEs. This study enriches the theoretical re-search on digital transformation, technological innovation and high-quality de-velopment of enterprises, and it is also the first step towards the development of a new generation of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This study enriches the theoretical research on digital transformation, technological innovation and high-quality development of enterprises, and it is also of reference significance to the formulation of relevant policies for optimizing resource allocation, building new competitive advantages and promoting high-quality development of enterprises. This study enriches the theoretical research on digital transfor-mation, technological innovation and high-quality development of enterprises, and it is also of reference significance to the formulation of relevant policies for optimizing resource allocation, building new competitive advantages and pro-moting high-quality development of the equipment manufacturing industry in Sichuan Province.