Overcoming the Limits: Zbigniew Rybczyński’s ‘Celluloid Period’ Revisited

The relationship between the growth of early juvenile winter flounder (Psuedopleu- ronectes americanus, Walbaum; 17 to 27 mm standard length (SL)) and the spatial dynamics of estu- arine gradients immediately following larval settlement was examined using field enclosure tech- niques in a temperate nursery. Enclosures (n = 60; 3 fish per enclosure) were deployed throughout the Navesink River/Sandy Hook Bay estuarine system, New Jersey, in a nested spatial design that allowed measurement of growth variation in time at 3 spatial scales (between regions: × distance (D) = 12.3 km, SD = 3.6, n = 2; between sectors: × D = 4.3 km, SD = 1.3, n = 6; between stations: × D = 1.8 km, SD = 0.8, n = 12). Three 12 d enclosure experiments were performed over 40 consecutive days from mid-May through June 1999. Flounder growth (range = 0 to 0.9 mm SL d -1 enclosure -1 ) was dynamic at a regional spatial scale. Generalized additive modeling indicated that growth was most rapid at relatively cool temperatures (<21°C) and low salinities (<24‰). However, spatial analysis of partial growth indicated that the relative influences of temperature and salinity changed over time. Salinity effects were strongest during the earliest experiment (May 20 to June 1) when temperatures were cool (<20°C) throughout the estuary. During this period, salinities were conducive for rapid growth throughout the river. From June 4 to 16, salinities remained optimal in the river, but as the system warmed, temperatures conducive for rapid growth contracted into the bay and temperature effects became stronger than salinity effects. Growth was more rapid in the bay, but not as high as that measured during the first experiment in the river where optimal salinities and temperatures overlapped within the estuary. With continued warming and curtailed freshwater runoff, tempera- tures were sub-optimal throughout the estuary, salinities were conducive for rapid growth only in the upper river, and from June 18 to 30 growth rates were relatively low. Our analysis suggests that habitat suitability for the growth of juvenile fish can be spatially dynamic because multiple regula- tory factors vary simultaneously in space and time. Rapid growth occurs at sites and times when optimal conditions for regulatory factors intersect in space, but the spatial coincidence of optimal conditions can be ephemeral.

Poet and art critic David Antin observed that, to a great degree, video art derives significance from its relation to some aspect of television. This article acknowledges this and examines video art in the context of a cultural critique via a distinctive mixture of cross-disciplinary collaborations within the arts during the latter half of the twentieth century. While the video art Antin described can be considered an extension of the postwar recalibration of the emphasis placed on art as object, it was also the beneficiary of early twentieth-century experimentation, such as Dada’s challenge to notions of art and expectations regarding aesthetics, as well as early experimentation in cinema. This intersection of culture and art histories finds its way into the early video work of Daniel Boord. My main interest in Boord’s work is its relation to experimentation with theatricality, an area not usually associated with video art. Boord’s “lowbrow” absence of pretense and disregard for reductive formalism align well with Peter Brook’s conception of the “Rough Theatre,” as well as film critic Manny Farber’s notion of “termite art,” art that “feels its way through walls of particularization” and eats at its own boundaries. Boord’s work is a self-propelled dizzying array of humor, ideas, and juxtapositions that are well suited for the twentieth century—work that moves along according to its own self-defined boundaries of invention.

The ‘plasmatic’ world of Mickey Mouse famously enchanted everyone from small children to European filmmakers and philosophers in the late 1920s and 1930s, but Disney’s attempts to use media technology to envision the freedom of childhood imagination can be traced back to his first successful series, the Alice Comedies (1923–1927), which featured a live-action girl who navigated animated wonderlands in her dreams and her imagination. Like Lewis Carroll’s original character, Disney’s Alice acts as a conduit into an irrational and magical world – the opposite of rational life in modernity. For Disney, Alice provided a way to both tie his own cultural productions to a long tradition of beloved children’s literature, and present his own vision of an animated wonderland as coming from the innocent perspective of a little girl. At the series’ outset, Alice’s trips to Cartoonland were motivated by live-action framing stories that depicted children at play, inviting audiences young and old to escape to a world of childhood imagination. But Disney didn’t just depict an idealized childhood in live-action film; he also used animation to gesture toward the existence of a universal, unassailable imaginary space. This emphasis on the child’s perspective in rendering the relationship between real and animated space speaks to larger cultural concerns at the time surrounding early education, psychological development, and the importance of protecting childhood in an increasingly rationalized world. This article examines the way childhood play is figured in both live-action and animated space in the first series of Alice cartoons – as mimicry, as performance, and as transformation of ‘real’ space – in order to show that Disney’s early work owed much of its impact to the ability of media technology to represent an idealized version of children’s imaginative play, and to evoke childhood perception through the use of animation.

5-Aminolevulinate synthase catalyzes the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent condensation of glycine and succinyl-CoA to produce carbon dioxide, CoA, and 5-aminolevulinate, in a reaction cycle involving the mechanistically unusual successive cleavage of two amino acid substrate alpha-carbon bonds. Single and multiple turnover rapid scanning stopped-flow experiments have been conducted from pH 6.8-9.2 and 5-35 degrees C, and the results, interpreted within the framework of the recently solved crystal structures, allow refined characterization of the central kinetic and chemical steps of the reaction cycle. Quinonoid intermediate formation occurs with an apparent pK(a) of 7.7 +/- 0.1, which is assigned to His-207 acid-catalyzed decarboxylation of the alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate intermediate to form an enol that is in rapid equilibrium with the 5-aminolevulinate-bound quinonoid species. Quinonoid intermediate decay occurs in two kinetic steps, the first of which is acid-catalyzed with a pK(a) of 8.1 +/- 0.1, and is assigned to protonation of the enol by Lys-313 to generate the product-bound external aldimine. The second step of quinonoid decay defines k(cat) and is relatively pH-independent and is assigned to opening of the active site loop to allow ALA dissociation. The data support important refinements to both the chemical and kinetic mechanisms and indicate that 5-aminolevulinate synthase operates under the stereoelectronic control predicted by Dunathan's hypothesis.

Understanding the morphodynamics of tidal dunes is essential for improving predictions of sediment transport and seabed evolution in coastal and estuarine environments. This study advances our understanding through a combined experimental and numerical investigation into the short-term morphodynamic evolution of laboratory-scale tidal dunes under controlled conditions.Building on earlier flume experiments examining hydrodynamic interactions of reversing currents with fixed-bottom, sand-coated asymmetric compound dunes, we incorporated a cm-thick layer of unimodal sediment over the rigid dune models to simulate mobile-bed conditions. High-resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was employed to capture detailed spatial and temporal dynamics of turbulent flows and the concurrent evolution of dune surfaces.Complementary numerical modelling utilised the oceanographic circulation model CROCO, incorporating its non-hydrostatic solver and the USGS sediment transport module. The lab-scale model application was calibrated and validated against the laboratory measurements, demonstrating exceptional agreement in the short-term evolution of dune morphology. Key findings include the accurate replication of observed boundary layer dynamics, sediment transport mechanisms, and morphodynamic changes under reversing tidal currents. These experiments establish a solid benchmark for validating non-hydrostatic models of tidal dune morphodynamics.This work underscores the transformative potential of integrating detailed physical experiments with advanced numerical models to refine our predictive capabilities for morphodynamic processes in tidal environments. The insights gained are particularly significant for coastal engineering and seabed mobility studies, with direct applications to the design and optimisation of offshore wind farm infrastructures.

In a recent article, Jacobson examines the rise and fall of the incumbency advantage from 1952 to 2014. He shows that the incumbency advantage over this period rose as elections became more localized, and has fallen in recent decades as elections have become more nationalized. In this research note, we examine whether a similar relationship holds when we extend the time-series back to the end of the Civil War. Consistent with earlier work, we find that the scale of the incumbency advantage was much smaller in the period prior to 1952— approximately ranging between 0 and 4 points. However, despite this difference in scale, there remains a very similar negative correlation between the nationalization of elections and the incumbency advantage. We therefore speculate that the nationalization of elections diminishes the relative size of the incumbency advantage, but the overall size of that advantage may also be shaped by other factors, such as technology, institutional reforms, or changes in the media landscape.

The work to be described is a continuation of the experiments dealt with in the papers listed in the footnote. For brevity, these papers will be referred to in the sequel by the corresponding numbers. It may be recalled that the results of (5) exhibited a conflict with those of the earlier papers of which (3) is the most important. In the range of partial pressure of COCl 2 used in (5), which extended from about 0.05 to 0.001 mm. of mercury, the electron currents were found to be independent of that pressure; whereas in the earlier experiments, which employed smaller currents, these had been varied by controlling the rate of evaporation of the source of COCl 2 , which was kept in a bath of liquid air. In addition, some 50 determinations of the apparent temperature of the emitted electrons in the range of pressure 0.001 to 0.01mm., as deduced from the energy distribution data, gave values none of which differed by as much as 5 per cent. from 2368°K., whereas in the earlier work values in the neighbourhood of about 3300°K., which were though to be accurate to about 10 per cent., had been obtained. In the earlier experiments, the pressures used were not known, but were thought to be much lower than those in (5). The present experiments have been carried to much lower pressure, with the result that satisfactory progress has been made towards the removal of the discrepancies referred to.

Our former experiments regarding the reactions of Illinois No. 6 coal, Wyodak coal, Lloydminster resid and Hondo resid with tetralin-d{sub 12,} diphenylmethane, 1,3-diphenylpropane, and 1,3- dimethylnaphthalene established that these fossil fuel materials are reactive in exchange reactions, in free radical promoted decomposition reactions and to a much lesser extent in hydrodemethylation reactions. This quarter we have started coprocessing reactions of these materials under conditions similar to those that we have used in the earlier experiments. The reactions that were carried out were preliminary studies to gain perspective on the experimental procedures that are to be used to study the behavior of the fossil fuel components under the reaction conditions that have been used in the earlier experiments. Results have given some information about the effect of some reaction parameters, such as time, catalyst concentration, and gaseous atmospheres on coal conversion and on the composition of the soluble products. We have also prepared some modified coal samples to use in the coprocessing reactions. Indeed some coal alkylation reactions were also carried out in the former quarters. As a result of the earlier work and the current work, we have established a convenient procedure used for the preparation of the modified coalmore » samples is given in this quarterly report. 15 refs., 2 tabs.« less

Effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone and haemolymph on oogenesis in the ixodid tick Amblyomma hebraeum

From the dispersion relations of the magnetostatic waves (MSW) in Yttrium Iron Garnet - Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (YIG-GGG) thin film[1], it is found that while the theoretical bandwidth of the magnetostatic surface waves (MSSW) decreases considerably as the carrier frequency is increased, the theoretical bandwidth of the magnetostatic forward volume waves (MSFVW) increases substantially with the carrier frequency. We have noted previously the decrease of magnetooptic (MO) bandwidth from 487 MHz to 250 MHz in noncollinear coplanar guided-wave interaction involving the MSSW[2] as the carrier frequency was increased from 3.0 GHz to 7.0 GHz. However, in view of the dispersion characteristics of the MSFVW as mentioned above, the MO bandwidth associated with noncollinear coplanar interaction involving the MSFVW can potentially be significantly larger than that involving the MSSW as the carrier frequency goes beyond 2.0 GHz. Since it is of great interest to accomplish wideband MO interaction at high carrier frequency, the MSFVW was also used in our earlier work. For example, a MO bandwidth of 550 MHz (defined at the two -3dB points) and a TM0 to TE0 mode-conversion efficiency of 0.5% were obtained in our earlier experiment with the MSFVW centered at 3.0 GHz using a homogeneous (uniform) DC magnetic, field of 2250 Oe[3]. Recently, a technique for enhancement of MO bandwidth that employs inhomogeneous DC magnetic field[4] was reported[5]. In that particular work, an increase of MO bandwidth from 30 to 350 MHz (defined between the null points or approximately 125 MHz based on the conventional definition of -3dB points) centered at the carrier frequency of 1.45 GHz was obtained at the optical wavelength of 1.15µm by switching from a homogeneous to an inhomogeneous DC magnetic field. Specifically, an inhomogeneous field that varied from 2150 to 2350 Oe across an 8.0 mm aperture of the MSFVW transducer was used. Due to the concomitant "channelization effect" with the resulting MSFVW the measured TM0 to TE0 mode-conversion efficiency was found to decrease from 1.0 to 0.03% by switching from the homogeneous to the inhomogeneous field.

Most people would agree that films can significantly impact individual attitudes and cultural narratives, but little research has sought to empirically measure these impacts. It is becoming increasingly important for documentary (and other issue-based) films to justify costs by providing data on the social “return on investment”, but care must be taken to ensure that both the questions asked and the methods used to answer them are valid and respectful. This paper introduces an emerging research agenda for the study of documentary film impacts, discussing both why such evaluation is important and key issues relevant to assessing impact. Author Keywords Film, Impact, Evaluation, Social Change INTRODUCTION Documentary film has grown significantly in the past decade, with high profile films such as Fahrenheit 9/11, Supersize Me, and An Inconvenient Truth garnering increased attention both at the box office and in the news media. In addition, the rising prominence of web-based media has provided new opportunities for documentary to create social impact. Films are now typically released with websites, Facebook pages, twitter feeds, and web videos to increase both reach and impact. This combination of technology and broader audience appeal has given rise to a current landscape in which documentary films are imbedded within coordinated multi-media campaigns. New media have not only opened up new avenues for communicating with audiences, they have also created new opportunities for data collection and analysis of film impacts. A recent report by McKinsey and Company highlighted this potential, introducing and discussing the implications of increasing consumer information being recorded on the Internet as well as through networked sensors in the physical world. As they found: "Big data—large pools of data that can be captured, communicated, aggregated, stored, and analyzed—is now part of every sector and function of the global economy" (Manyika et al. iv). This data can be mined to learn a great deal about both individual and cultural response to documentary films and the issues they represent. Although film has a rich history in humanities research, this new set of tools enables an empirical approach grounded in the social sciences. However, several researchers across disciplines have noted that limited investigation has been conducted in this area. Although there has always been an emphasis on social impact in film and many filmmakers and scholars have made legitimate (and possibly illegitimate) claims of impact, few have attempted to empirically justify these claims. Over fifteen years ago, noted film scholar Brian Winston commented that "the underlying assumption of most social documentaries—that they shall act as agents of reform and change—is almost never demonstrated" (236). A decade later, Political Scientist David Whiteman repeated this

On the distribution of metals deposited onto the limiter and the liner of tokamaks after long-term operation

We have used spectral reflectance and transmittance measurements combined with Kramers-Krönig analyses to obtain the real (n) and imaginary (k) parts of the complex refractive index, N = n + ik, of Bacillus subtilis spores over a wavelength interval from 0.2 to 2.5 mum. Samples were in the form of thin solid films, pressed pellets, and suspensions in water and glycerol. The optical constants of spores suspended in water were found to differ from those of spores suspended in glycerol. In addition, spores previously exposed to water in earlier experiments and subsequently dried exhibited different optical constants from spores that had not been exposed to water.

PurposeIn the evolving digital landscape, customers connect with the diversified digital marketing platforms, posing both obstacles and opportunities to consumers. In response to the changing landscape of social media and technical advances within the fashion business, the study aims to investigate the role of virtual fitting rooms in influencing consumer behaviour and purchase intentions through social media, with respect to fashion products.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a combination of primary and secondary data, relying on secondary sources to identify research gaps and construct the conceptual framework and a survey-based approach enabled the collection of 352 responses from metropolitan cities of India like Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata and New Delhi using snowball sampling for studying research variables. The hypothetical relationships were tested using various statistical techniques such as multiple regression analysis, measurement model assessment using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe present study connects the dots between social media, virtual fitting rooms, engagement characteristics, buying intentions and consumer purchasing behaviour by manifesting a positive association with engagement metrics that correspond to the current user-behaviour pattern. As per results, virtual fitting rooms are significantly associated with effectiveness of social media. Moreover, social media as a mediator significantly amplifies the impact of virtual fitting rooms on the intents and behaviour of consumers while making purchases.Originality/valueResearch spotlights the novel findings (i.e. interactive, visual, personalized shopping moments and social capabilities features) of social media in enhancing the interaction with virtual fitting rooms, which shapes the fashion purchasing decisions.

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