Overcoming the Challenges in Topical Delivery of Antifungal Agents for Skin Fungal Infections

Abstract

Fungal infections of the skin are a major global health concern that requires specific and efficient treatment because of their resistant nature. Antifungal drugs used topically present a viable method for targeted therapy with less systemic adverse effects. Nevertheless, a number of challenges impede the effective distribution of these substances, such as restricted skin penetration, inadequate medication retention, and the rise of resistant strains. Overcoming these challenges is very much warranted to minimize the side effects associated with long-term systemic delivery of antifungal agents. This review examines recent developments and approaches to subdue these problems and improve topical antifungal therapy efficacy. The effectiveness of several formulation strategies, including nanotechnology -based treatments, nanostructures, vesicular carriers, Gelling Systems-Polymeric Carriers, and some enhanced targeted therapies in enhancing medication penetration across the epidermal barrier is discussed. Polyenes, azoles, allylamines, echinocandins, hydroxypyridone, and other antifungals are the primary types of antifungal medications. Novel formulation techniques, such as the use of nanostructures, lipid-based carriers, and microneedle technology, show great promise for enhancing medication penetration across the skin barrier and emphasizing the significance of effective topical drug delivery. These tactics not only improve antifungal agent distribution to the intended site but also create opportunities for more focused and effective therapy. This review outlines recent developments in novel strategies used in topical carriers to boost the therapeutic performance of anti-fungal drugs with minimal side effects as compared to systemic therapy.