Abstract
BackgroundHelicobacter pylori forms biofilms on glass surfaces at the air-liquid interface in in vitro batch cultures; however, biofilms of H. pylori have not been well characterized. In the present study, we analyzed the ability of H. pylori strains to form biofilms and characterized the underlying mechanisms of H. pylori biofilm formation.ResultsStrain TK1402 showed strong biofilm forming ability relative to the other strains in Brucella broth supplemented with 7% FCS. The strong biofilm forming ability of TK1402 is reflected the relative thickness of the biofilms. In addition, outer membrane vesicles (OMV) were detected within the matrix of only the TK1402 biofilms. Biofilm formation was strongly correlated with the production of OMV in this strain. We further observed that strain TK1402 did not form thick biofilms in Brucella broth supplemented with 0.2% β-cyclodextrin. However, the addition of the OMV-fraction collected from TK1402 could enhance biofilm formation.ConclusionThe results suggested that OMV produced from TK1402 play an important role in biofilm formation in strain TK1402.
Highlights
Helicobacter pylori forms biofilms on glass surfaces at the air-liquid interface in in vitro batch cultures; biofilms of H. pylori have not been well characterized
Biofilm formation by H. pylori strains We attempted to grow biofilms of the 8 strains of H. pylori on glass coverslip surfaces in Brucella broth supplemented with 7% fetal calf serum (FCS) with shaking for 3 days or 5 days and found that all strains formed biofilms at the liquid-gas interface of the cultures
The addition of the outer membrane vesicles (OMV) fraction from TK1402 in Brucella broth supplemented with 0.2% β-cyclodextrin restored biofilm formation similar to that in Brucella broth supplemented with 7% FCS (Fig. 6B)
Summary
Helicobacter pylori forms biofilms on glass surfaces at the air-liquid interface in in vitro batch cultures; biofilms of H. pylori have not been well characterized. We analyzed the ability of H. pylori strains to form biofilms and characterized the underlying mechanisms of H. pylori biofilm formation. Helicobacter pylori is a spiral, microaerophilic, noninvasive, gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human gastrointestinal tract, primarily the stomach [1]. This organism has been identified as an aetiological agent of chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease [2,3], gastric adenocarcinoma [4], and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma [5]. Biofilm development is initiated when bacteria transit from a planktonic state to a lifestyle in which the microorganisms are firmly attached to biotic or abiotic surfaces, and biofilms are strongly implicated in bacterial virulence (page number not for citation purposes). The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, which can constitute up to 90% of the biofilm biomass, is a complex mixture of exopolysaccharides, proteins, DNA and other macromolecules [16]
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