Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests in Sporting Events—What Is the UK Experience: A Systematic Review and Online Media Literature Search

Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.

Introduction: A well thought out, comprehensive search is the foundation for all systematic review research. Consequently, working on a first systematic review search can be intimidating. Articles and workshops, being less intensive than one-on-one training, are unlikely to instil enough confidence in one's ability to do a good job in this process. In this pilot program, an ongoing mentoring relationship was created as a means of building capacity and confidence in systematic review searching. Description: The mentorship program occurred in a virtual environment because the mentee and mentor were at two different institutions. Outcomes: To compensate for the distance, the mentor and mentee communicated and collaborated using free online collaborative software. The process for engaging in the program was developed between both the mentor and mentee to ensure individual and shared objectives would be met. This pilot program's process involved sharing searches, reflective journaling and recording time. Discussion: Building capacity in systematic review searching with an inexperienced searcher through virtual mentoring is an effective means of building confidence and skills in systematic review searching, and in building a sustainable mentor/mentee relationship.

Literature review in biomedical research: useful search engines beyond PubMed

Background: An important aspect of managing chronic disorders like bipolar disorder is to have access to relevant health information. This study investigates and compares the quality of information on the treatments of bipolar disorder that is available on English websites, as an international language, and on Italian websites, as a popular local language. Methods: A systematic review search was obtained from four search engines. We excluded unrelated materials, scientific papers, and duplicates. We analyzed popularity with PageRank; technological quality with Nibbler; readability with the Flesh Reading Ease test and Gulpease index; quality of information with the DISCERN scale, the JAMA benchmark criteria, and on the extent of adherence to the HONCode. Results: 35 English and 31 Italian websites were included. The English websites were found to have a higher level of quality information and technological quality than the Italian ones. Overall, the websites were found to be difficult to read, requiring a high level of education. Conclusions: These results can be important to inform guidelines for the improvement of health information and help users to reach a higher level of evidence on the websites. Users should find the benefits of treatment, support for shared decision-making, the sources used, the medical editor’s supervision, and the risk of postponing treatment.

The purpose of this study was to compare effectiveness of different options for de-duplicating records retrieved from systematic review searches. Using the records from a published systematic review, five de-duplication options were compared. The time taken to de-duplicate in each option and the number of false positives (were deleted but should not have been) and false negatives (should have been deleted but were not) were recorded. The time for each option varied. The number of positive and false duplicates returned from each option also varied greatly. The authors recommend different de-duplication options based on the skill level of the searcher and the purpose of de-duplication efforts.

Is There Evidence That Performance Measurement in Stroke Has Influenced Health Policy and Changes to Health Systems?

Objectives:The balance of service provision for people with psoriasis across community and hospital sectors is inappropriate in many localities. Disease-specific models are being used by policy makers to inform public health decision making and guide their long-term budgets. The aim of the present study was to develop an interactive psoriasis model to compare the 2-year outcomes of topical treatment strategies in patients with moderately severe psoriasis in real-world settings.Research design and methods:A previously published 1-year economic analysis of the two-compound formulation (TCF) calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate and other commonly used topical agents in plaque psoriasis was adapted. Literature review and an interview programme identified additional relevant data to inform model assumptions. The model estimated local psoriasis costs and resources in accord with decision makers’ priorities. A key element of the model was the facility for all default input data to be adapted to reflect local circumstance. Model validation was not undertaken. The UK experience is described.Results:Topical treatment with high-efficacy first-line therapies is a cost-effective treatment strategy in moderate plaque psoriasis. The model predicts potential savings in psoriasis care for a UK population of £126 million over 2 years if all psoriasis patients received the TCF in a community setting. A frequently used feature of the model was to identify ways of reducing inappropriate referrals to hospital, and so enabling secondary care resources to be focussed on the most resilient psoriasis cases.Conclusions:The present study psoriasis disease model could facilitate collaboration between healthcare professionals to optimise healthcare in the UK. Psoriasis management strategies in primary care can be compared in a variety of realistic clinical settings, allowing the identification of optimal treatment regimens. This model is adaptable to tailor inputs to reflect local situations, providing an attractive tool to GP commissioners. Country-specific adaptations are being researched in other European countries.

Requests for comprehensive searches, such as searches to support systematic reviews, seem to be evolving into routine practice in the health sciences library environment. Collecting terminology for these searches is often a time-consuming process. This case study reports on the development of a searchable web-based repository, MedTerm Search Assist, as a means for librarians to share biomedical terminology from systematic review searches.

Objective — Performing global population-based studies and comparing the results with other studies can reveal regional differences in the distribution of HLA-B27 in patients with Behcet disease. The aim of study was reviewing the distribution of HLA-B27 and Behcet disease in the world. Material and Methods — A systematic review search was conducted of the MeSH keywords of Behcet disease, HLA-B27 and B27 in ProQuest, Scopus, EMBASE, SID, IranDoc and IranMedex from 1975 to 2017 in Iran. Data was analyzed using meta-analysis (random effect model) in Software CMA2. The heterogeneity of studies was assessed with I2index. Results — The pooled frequency of HLA-B27 in patients with patients throughout the world for 11,483 samples and 36 studies was 7.4%. A higher frequency of HLA-B27 was found in Europe for, followed by the Middle East (7.2 (4.5-11.7)%, P<0.001) and Far East (6.4 (2.1-19.4)%, P<0.001). By country, the highest frequency was found for Great Britain 16.7% (8.6-33.1), followed by Iran 7.2% (4.5-11.7) and Turkey 5.9 (3.6-9.9)%. Conclusion — The results demonstrate the role of HLA–B genes such as -B27 on Behcet disease and provide information about the causes and effects of the subject to help design health programs and carry out future investigations on the odds ratio.

This paper discusses the value of open and transparent methods for recording systematic database search strategies, showing how they have been applied at the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom (UK).&#x0D; &#x0D; Objective – The objectives are to: 1) Discuss the value of search strategy recording methods. 2) Assess any limitations to the practical application of a checklist approach. 3) Make recommendations for recording systematic database searches.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods – The procedures for recording searches for Interventional Procedures Guidance at NICE were examined. A sample of current methods for recording systematic searches identified in the literature was compared to the NICE processes. The case study analyses the search conducted for evidence about an interventional procedure and shows the practical issues involved in recording the database strategies.&#x0D; &#x0D; The case study explores why relevant papers were not retrieved by a search strategy meeting all of the criteria on the checklist used to peer review it. The evidence was required for guidance on non-rigid stabilisation techniques for the treatment of low back pain.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results – The analysis shows that amending the MEDLINE strategy to make it more sensitive would have increased its yield by 6614 articles. Examination of the search records together with correspondence between the analyst and the searcher reveals the peer reviewer had approved the search because its sensitivity was appropriate for the purpose of producing Interventional Procedures Guidance. The case study demonstrates the limitations of relying on a checklist to ensure the quality of a database search without having any contextual information.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion – It is difficult for the peer reviewer to assess the subjective elements of a search without knowing why it has a particular structure or what the searcher intended. There is a risk that the peer reviewer will concentrate on the technical details, such as spelling mistakes, without having the contextual information. It is beneficial if the searcher records correspondence on key decisions and reports a summary alongside the search strategy. The narrative describes the major decisions that shaped the strategy and gives the peer reviewer an insight into the rationale for the search approach.

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Postoperative Urinary Tract Infections in Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Latar belakang: Penyakit hepatitis A dan hepatitis E menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan secara global. Indonesia berada di urutan ketiga daerah endemik hepatitis di dunia dengan prevalensi sebesar 0,6%. Jumlah ini terus meningkat sehingga diperlukan kajian sistematis untuk mengetahui faktor risiko, dan strategi pencegahan dari penyakit ini. Tujuan kajian sistematis ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor risiko sanitasi lingkungan terhadap kejadian hepatitis A dan hepatitis E serta strategi pencegahan yang terjadi pada masyarakat.Metode: Studi ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan systematic review untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara sanitasi lingkungan dan kejadian hepatitis. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui database elektronik seperti PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci sanitation, hepatitis, waterborne diseases, environmental health, dan developing countries didapatkan 146.709 artikel, setelah dilakukan screening penelitian yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2016–2024, abstrak dan judul, open acces dan dapat diunduh diperoleh 500 artikel. Tahap selanjutnya didapatkan 100 artikel yang membahas hubungan sanitasi lingkungan seperti akses air bersih, pengelolaan limbah, kebiasaan higiene dengan kejadian hepatitis. Studi ini menggunakan desain observasional atau intervensi berbasis komunitas, dan ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris atau Indonesia.Hasil: Berdasarkan pencarian sistematic review didapatkan 30 dari 100 artikel yang memenuhi seleksi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sanitasi buruk, akses terbatas ke air bersih, dan kebiasaan higiene yang kurang menjadi faktor utama penyebaran hepatitis A dan E. Pengendalian penyakit ini memerlukan vaksinasi, peningkatan sanitasi, pendekatan One Health untuk hepatitis E, serta sistem surveilans yang kuat. Upaya pencegahan dengan infrastruktur sanitasi yang baik dan peningkatan edukasi masyarakat merupakan langkah strategis untuk mengendalikan hepatitis.Simpulan: Berdasarkan systematic review yang dilakukan, Hepatitis A dan E memiliki hubungan dengan kondisi sanitasi buruk, akses air bersih terbatas, dan rendahnya higiene ABSTRACT Title: Environmental Sanitation Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies for Hepatitis Incidences: A Systematic ReviewBackground: Hepatitis, particularly hepatitis A and E, is a significant global public health concern. This systematic review analyzed various studies on the prevalence, risk factors, and prevention strategies for hepatitis. Studies have indicated that hepatitis viruses are found in various water matrices, highlighting the critical role of contaminated water in transmission. Other risk factors include poor sanitation, inadequate hygiene practices, high population density, and limited access to health care facilities. Vaccination and improved sanitation are effective in controlling the transmission of hepatitis A. Community education and empowerment are essential for its prevention. Hepatitis E, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, underscores the need for an integrated one-health approach.Method: This study was conducted using a systematic review approach to evaluate the relationship between environmental sanitation and hepatitis incidence. Literature searches were conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords such as sanitation, hepatitis, waterborne diseases, environmental health, and developing countries obtained 146,709 articles, after screening studies published between 2016–2024, abstracts and titles, open access and downloadable 500 articles. The next stage obtained 100 articles that discuss the relationship between environmental sanitation (access to clean water, waste management, hygiene practices) and hepatitis incidence, using observational designs or community-based interventions and written in English or Indonesian.Results: Based on the systematic review search, 30 out of 100 articles met the selection criteria. The results showed that poor sanitation, limited access to clean water, and inadequate hygiene practices are major factors in the spread of hepatitis A and E. Effective disease control requires vaccination, improved sanitation, a One Health approach for hepatitis E, and a strong surveillance system. Prevention efforts with good sanitation infrastructure and increased public education are strategic steps to control hepatitis. Conclusion: Based on this systematic review, it can be concluded that hepatitis A and E are associated with poor sanitation, limited access to clean water, inadequate hygiene practices.

Consumer wearable and smartphone devices provide an accessible means to objectively measure physical activity (PA) through step counts. With the increasing proliferation of this technology, consumers, practitioners and researchers are...

The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (Guidelines) advises older adults to be as active as possible. Yet, despite the well documented benefits of physical activity just 12.8% of those ages 65 and older meet the Guidelines. To address this, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) developed a Midcourse Report focused on effective strategies to improve older adult physical activity behaviors. The first step in this process was a systematic literature review. A literature review team was contracted to examine the evidence on key settings and effective behavioral intervention strategies, as well as effective policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) approaches, to improve physical activity among older adults. The PSE search employed an equity-centered framework adapted to researching PSE approaches for improving physical activity outcomes in older adults. Sixteen thousand eight hundred and eighty-three titles and abstracts were screened, and 734 full articles were reviewed for inclusion. Of those, 64 original research articles were included for the final review to answer two questions, one (plus 5 sub-questions) focused on Settings/Strategies literature (45 studies) and one (plus 2 sub-questions) focused on PSE literature (19 studies). The literature review process identified key settings and evidence-based strategies to support older adults in becoming more physically active, and provides a foundation for the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Midcourse Report: Implementation Strategies for Older Adults. More research is needed to address how factors related to equity and psychosocial constructs influence physical activity behaviors among older adults.

PurposeDay case or same-day discharge (SDD) pure laparoscopic or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RP) has risen over the last few years with the aim of discharging patients within 24 h, reducing costs and length of stay, and facilitating return to active life. We perform a systematic review of literature to evaluate the feasibility of SDD RP.MethodsA systematic review search was performed and the following bibliographic databases were accessed: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Embase. This was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsBased on the literature search of 509 articles, 12 (1378 patients) met the inclusion criteria (mean age: 63 years). All studies were unicentric except one. The mean SDD surgeries experience per centre was 66 cases .The means operative time and blood loss were 154 min and 126.5 ml, respectively. Mean SDD failure was 7.4%. Concomitant lymph node dissection was performed in 56.2%. The overall complication rate was 10.2% of cases; with a majority of Clavien grade I or II. Mean readmission rate after discharge was 5%. SDD generated cost reductions compared to inpatient surgery with variable differences according to the considered healthcare system.ConclusionsDay-case RP is a safe and feasible strategy in selected cases with multicentre proofs of concept. Its widespread use in routine practice needs further research due to biases in patient selection. Implementation of peri-operative pathways such as ERAS and prehabilitation improves patient adherence to SDD.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00345-022-03944-1.