Osteogain improves osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on a bovine-derived natural bone mineral.

Abstract

The use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been shown to facilitate periodontal regeneration by histologically resulting in formation of cementum, periodontal ligament and bone. Recently, a new liquid carrier system for EMD has been introduced with better physicochemical properties specifically designed for bone graft mixing (Osteogain). The aim of this study was to investigate the combination of Osteogain with a bovine-derived natural bone mineral (NBM) on osteoblast migration, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Undifferentiated mouse ST2 stromal bone marrow cells were seeded onto 1)NBM particles alone or 2)NBM + Osteogain. Samples were compared for cell migration at 8h, cell adhesion at 4h, cell proliferation at 1, 3 and 5days and real-time PCR at 3 and 14days for genes encoding runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), collagen1alpha2 (COL1a2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN). Furthermore, alizarin red staining was utilized to investigate the mineralization at 14days. Osteogain significantly upregulated cell adhesion over twofold onto NBM particles and promoted cell proliferation at 3 and 5days after seeding. Furthermore, the combination of NBM with Osteogain significantly upregulated genes encoding Runx2, ALP, COL1a2 and OCN (from 1.5- to 3-fold) and increased alizarin red staining over 3 fold at 14days when compared to NBM particles alone. Pre-coating Osteogain onto NBM bone grafting particles significantly increased cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts invitro. Future animal studies are now necessary to further investigate the regenerative potential of Osteogain in combination with a bone grafting material prior to clinical use for bone regeneration.