Abstract
Drought is one of the severe environmental stresses threatening agriculture around the globe. Nitric oxide plays diverse roles in plant growth and defensive responses. Despite a few studies supporting the role of nitric oxide in plants under drought responses, little is known about its pivotal molecular amendment in the regulation of stress signaling. In this study, a label-free nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach was used to determine the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress in banana roots. Plant treatment with SNP improved plant growth and reduced the percentage of yellow leaves. A total of 30 and 90 proteins were differentially identified in PEG+SNP against PEG and PEG+SNP against the control, respectively. The majority of proteins differing between them were related to carbohydrate and energy metabolisms. Antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, decreased in SNP-treated banana roots compared to PEG-treated banana. These results suggest that the nitric oxide-induced osmotic stress tolerance could be associated with improved carbohydrate and energy metabolism capability in higher plants.
Highlights
Water deficit caused by soil drought is one of the main threats affecting banana growth and production (Muthusamy et al, 2016)
Bananas treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) mitigated deleterious effects of osmotic stress by enhancing growth with an improved root formation and decreased leaf yellowing compared to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-treated bananas
A combined analysis of plant morphology, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the root proteome in banana clearly showed that the PEG-induced osmotic stress negatively affected the banana plants
Summary
Water deficit caused by soil drought is one of the main threats affecting banana growth and production (Muthusamy et al, 2016). It disrupts the cellular redox homeostasis, which leads to oxidative stress and causes injury and cell death (Zhou et al, 2020). Plants respond and adapt to drought stress by changes at morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels (Hai et al, 2020). Plant size, leaf expansion, and biomass decreased under drought conditions (Khamis et al, 2019). At the physiological and biochemical levels, drought-induced stomatal closure, osmolyte accumulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanism; and synthesized protective proteins, such as dehydrins, heat shock proteins, and late embryogenesis abundant proteins, are strategies for plants to cope with drought
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