Orthodontics and periodontics

Abstract

As gingival recession (GR) becomes a more common condition, root coverage becomes a crucial aspect of aesthetic and periodontal treatment. In general, gingival recession refers to an apical movement away from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) that exposes root surfaces. The root coverage (RC) procedures are indicated for aesthetic purposes, for reducing hypersensitivity, for treating gingival margin inconsistency, and for enhancing keratinized tissue. Numerous techniques have been established to treat the GR either single or multiple defects including restorative, orthodontic, and surgical options. The surgical RC modalities are free gingival autograft, subepithelial connective tissue graft, lateral repositioned flap, double papilla flap, semilunar flap, coronally advanced flap, guided tissue regeneration (GTR), tunnel technique, and pinhole technique. The management choice depends on the size and number of the recession defects, quantity and quality of keratinized tissues, the width and height of the interdental papillae, the presence of frenum pull, and the depth of the vestibule, as well as the patient aesthetic and functional demands. In our study, we discussed the causative factors and treatment modalities for gingival recession. Furthermore, we highlighted the indications and feasibility of each invasive and non-invasive technique for treating gingival recession. However, we concluded that the selection of the appropriate technique for GR management is related to the proper assessment of the case which in turn will deliver successful predictable results.