Oridonin Promotes Apoptosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes Through PERK/eIF2α/CHOP of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway.

Abstract

Oridonin (ORI), derived from Chinese herbs Rabdosia rubescens, has anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, anticancer effects. Previous studies have found that ORI induces apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast synovial cells (RA-FLSs), but this mechanism is not clear. We will investigate the apoptosis mechanism of ORI on RA-FLSs. RA-FLSs were treated with various concentrations of ORI (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 μM) for 24 h. CCK8, LDH, and hochest/PI assay determined the viability, cytotoxicity, and death of ORI on RA-FLSs. The endoplasmic reticulum probe was used to observe structural changes of endoplasmic reticulum in RA-FLSs. RNA expression was detected with RNA sequencing analysis and quantitative real-time PCR. The PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway protein of the endoplasmic reticulum was verified with Western Blot. Our results show that ORI induced the apoptosis of RA-FLSs from CCK8, LDH, and Hochest/PI. The endoplasmic reticulum distribution was altered in RA-FLSs after being treated with ORI. Bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing data found that 1453 genes were elevated. The PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway of the endoplasmic reticulum was regulated from the Gene ontology and KEGG analysis. The results of quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis verified the regulation of PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway in RA-FLSs. Our data imply that the endoplasmic reticulum's PERK/eIF2α/CHOP signaling pathway is certainly implicated in the induction of RA-FLS apoptosis by ORI. This study has important implications for the pharmacological effects of ORI and the treatment of RA.