Abstract
Background: There is an increasing body of evidence linking the exposure of an individual to pesticides such as organochlorine pesticides (OPCs) and an increased risk of developing diseases such as cancer. Exposure to OPCs has been suggested to increase the risk of developing hormone-dependant cancers such as prostate cancer (PCa). However, there is a relative paucity of information about the influence of exposure to these pesticides on the evolution of PCa, including risk of tumour development, progression to metastasis, and disease recurrence following therapy. Methods: We used several databases such as PubMed MEDLINE Database, Web of Science, and Scopus, in order to conduct a systematic review of the available epidemiological data implicating an association between exposure to OCPs and biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PCa. We searched all peer-reviewed articles published up to July 31st 2020. Pre-defined eligibility criteria for the inclusion of studies were that they be original studies, reviews, previous meta-analyses, or case–control or cohort studies. Results: Agent Orange is the most widely-studied OCP in the context of any possible causal role in the recurrence of PCa following radical prostatectomy, or in the progression to advanced disease. Only two studies didn’t demonstrate a significant association between exposure to OCPs and subsequent BCR following radical prostatectomy. Another study identified a significant association between exposure to Oxychlordane and PCB44 and progression to advanced PCa. Conclusion: This review confirmed a relative lack of high-quality evidence regarding this topic. However, the available evidence to date suggests the presence of a potential causal relationship between exposure to OPCs and PCa development and progression.
Highlights
There is an increasing body of evidence linking the exposure of an individual to pesticides such as organochlorine pesticides (OPCs) and an increased risk of developing diseases such as cancer
Two studies did not observe any significant relationship between the exposure of American Veterans to Agent Orange (AO) and subsequent biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy19,20
Li et al reported that exposure to AO significantly increased the Dioxin-TEQ level in blood samples (p < 0.001), but high dioxin-TEQ levels were not associated with an increased risk of subsequent BCR (p=0.23)
Summary
There is an increasing body of evidence linking the exposure of an individual to pesticides such as organochlorine pesticides (OPCs) and an increased risk of developing diseases such as cancer. Exposure to OPCs has been suggested to increase the risk of developing hormone-dependant cancers such as prostate cancer (PCa). There is a relative paucity of information about the influence of exposure to these pesticides on the evolution of PCa, including risk of tumour development, progression to metastasis, and disease recurrence following therapy. Results: Agent Orange is the most widely-studied OCP in the context of any possible causal role in the recurrence of PCa following radical prostatectomy, or in the progression to advanced disease. Two studies didn’t demonstrate a significant association between exposure to OCPs and subsequent BCR following radical prostatectomy. Another study identified a significant association between exposure to Oxychlordane and PCB44 and progression to advanced PCa. Conclusion: This review confirmed a relative lack of high-quality evidence regarding this topic. The available evidence to date suggests the presence of a potential causal relationship between article can be found at the end of the article
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