Abstract
Sustainable development has caught the imagination and action of the world for more than a decade. Sustainable agriculture is necessary to attain the goal of sustainable development. According to the F ood and Agriculture Organization (FAO), sustainable agr iculture is the successful management of resources to satisfy the changing human needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of environment and conserving natural resources. All definitions of su stainable agriculture lay great emphasis on maintai ning an agricultural growth rate, which can meet the demand for food of all living beings without draining the basic resources towards crop improvement. Organic farming is one of the several approaches found to meet the objectives of sustainable agriculture. Most of the techniques used in organic farming like intercropping, mulching and integration of crops and liv estock are not alien to agriculture systems including the traditional agricultural practices. H owever, organic farming is based on various laws an d certification programmes, which prohibit the use of almost all synthetic inputs and the central theme of this method is the health of soil. The adverse effe cts of modern agricultural practices on the farm an d also on the health of living beings and thus on the environment has been well documented all over the world. Application of technology, particularly the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides all arou nd us has persuaded people to think aloud. As a result of global climatic changes, their negative effects on the environment are manifested through soil erosion , water shortages, salination, soil contamination, genetic erosion, Organic farming is one of the wide ly used methods, which is thought as the best alternative to avoid the ill effects of chemical fa rming. It also has far more advantages over the conventional and other modern agricultural practice s that are available today.
Highlights
There are several definitions of organic farming but the most coherent and stringy definition is given by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Organic farming is based on various laws and certification programmes, which prohibit the use of almost all synthetic inputs and the central theme of this method is the health of soil
As a result of global climatic changes, their negative effects on the environment are manifested through soil erosion, water shortages, salination, soil contamination, genetic erosion, Organic farming is one of the widely used methods, which is thought as the best alternative to avoid the ill effects of chemical farming
Summary
Organic farming is defined as a system that is designed and maintained to produce agricultural products by the use of methods and substances that maintain the integrity of organic agricultural products until they reach to the consumers This is accomplished by using substances, to fulfill any specific fluctuation within the system so as to maintain long term soil biological activity, ensure effective peak management, recycle wastes to return nutrients to the land, provide attentive care for farm animals and handle the agricultural products without the use of extraneous synthetic additives or processing in accordance with the act and the regulations in this part. Organic farming seems to be more appropriate, as it considers the most important aspects like sustainability of natural resources and environmental safety It is a production system which favour maximum use of organic materials (like crop residue, animal residue, legumes, on and off farm wastages, growth regulators, bio-pesticides) and discourages the use of synthetically produced agro-inputs for maintaining soil productivity, fertility and pest management under conditions of sustainable natural resources and healthy environment. A review of literatures on organic farming is focused as an alternative for sustainable crop production
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