Abstract
The novel organic aluminum hypophosphite (ALCPA) and its hybrid (CNALCPA) with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were successfully synthesized and applied as halogen-free flame retardants in polyamide 6 (PA6). Their structures, morphology, thermal stability, and fire properties were characterized. Results showed that both ALCPA and CNALCPA had good flame retardancy. PA6/CNALCPA composites achieved a high limited-oxygen-index (LOI) value of 38.3% and a V-0 rating for UL94 at 20 wt % loading, while PA6/ALCPA composites could reach a V-1 rating for UL94. The flame-retardant mechanism was also studied. On the one hand, the incorporation of g-C3N4 produced more gas-phase products, which indicated a gas-phase mechanism. On the other hand, g-C3N4 could catalyze the thermal degradation of ALCPA and PA6 to form a compact char layer that was evidence for a solid-phase mechanism. The tensile test of the PA6 composites also displayed good mechanical properties.
Highlights
Polyamide 6 (PA6), a light and nontoxic material, is widely used in many fields due to its excellent properties of toughness, corrosion resistance, and processability [1]
Are released due to the decomposition of g-C3N4 and ALCPA which may play a role of inhibitor in these differences between ALCPA and CNALCPA showed that the hybrids could improve flame gas phase
The novel flame retardant ALCPA and its hybrid CNALCPA were successfully synthesized through salification and hybridization
Summary
Polyamide 6 (PA6), a light and nontoxic material, is widely used in many fields due to its excellent properties of toughness, corrosion resistance, and processability [1]. BFR has high flame-retardant efficiency, good thermal stability, and little effect on the mechanical properties of the materials. The results showed that the limited-oxygen-index (LOI) value of flame-retardant composites containing 20 wt % CeHP was 26.5%. With the addition of 8 wt % CDPP, the vertical burning rating of the composites reached V-0, and the LOI value was 31.1%. The triazine ring and high thermal stability of g-C3 N4 make it a good candidate for flame retardancy. Cone-calorimetry results indicated that g-C3 N4 /PAZn-EP improved the fire safety of EP composites, and functioned well as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant. The thermal properties and flame retardancy of PA6 composites were investigated, and the mechanism for PA6 fire-hazard reduction is proposed. ALCPA and CNALCPA provide valuable references about phosphorus flame retardants and expand the application of PA6
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