Orbital evolution of a tidally stripped star and disk-driven stable mass transfer for QPEs in GSN 069

Abstract

Context. A plausible origin for the quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) could be mass loss at the periastron of a body moving around the supermassive black hole (SMBH) on a highly eccentric orbit. This kind of tidally stripped star is expected to radiate gravitational waves, thereby leading to a shrinkage of the periastron distance. As a result, it will eventually be disrupted by the SMBH, as suggested by previous studies. Aims. This scenario predicts a gradually increasing mass transfer, contradicting the long-term evolution of the observed intensity of QPEs in GSN 069. Methods. In this work, we revisit the orbital evolution of the stripped star and we propose a model of a tidally stripped WD moving inside an accretion disk for QPEs, aimed at characterizing GSN 069. Results. We found the effect of the mass transfer ultimately dominates the orbital evolution, resulting in the stripped star finally escaping the SMBH, rather than being disrupted by it. The drag force induced by the disk may effectively reduce the mass transfer and could thus explain the observed long-term evolution in the intensity of the QPEs in GSN 069. The disk is likely a fallback disk of the tidal disruption event in GSN 069. Considering the evolution of its accretion rate, this scenario could also explain the increase in the intensity of the latest eruption.