Abstract
This is interesting reading. It is amazing how many attempts have been made to induce active immunity against bacterial and viral diseases by introducing antigen via the intestinal, pulmonary, nasal, oral and dermal routes. A tremendous number of reports, some critical and many otherwise, have been reviewed by the authors. They include studies of their own on immunization against colds. A large body of evidence is here collected showing that under certain conditions, and in certain species, artificial immunity of varying degrees may be conferred by employing these unorthodox routes.
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