Abstract
The region of the future oral cavity is indicated by the position of the prochordal plate in bilaminar and trilaminar embryos during the second and third weeks of development. (The prochordal plate is a circumscribed area of columnar endodermal cells located in the cephalic part of the yolk sac roof; it is roughly coextensive with the endodermal layer of the oropharyngeal membrane. The prochordal plate is thought to play an important organizing role in initiating development of the forebrain and heart.) Before body fold development (head, tail, lateral) converts the flattened embryonic plate (trilaminar embryo) into the tubular configuration of the definitive organism, the prochordal plate (oropharyngeal membrane) is located in the same plane, and cranial to the notochord. Head fold formation is especially important in bringing the future oral cavity into its definitive anterior position while producing the floor of the foregut and at the same time establishing the definitive relationships of the developing heart, foregut and their associated coelomic structures.
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