Abstract
Metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) displays a poor disease prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 39%. Chemotherapy has emerged as the mainstream treatment against small clusters of cancer cells but poses more risks than benefits for metastatic cells due to the non-specificity and cytotoxicity. To overcome these obstacles, we conjugated antibodies specific for matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a prognostic biomarker of SCC, to iron–gold bimetallic nanoparticles (FeAu NPs) and explored the capability of this complex to target and limit SSC cell growth via magnetic field-induced hyperthermia. Our results showed that 4.32 ± 0.79 nm sized FeAu NPs were superparamagnetic in nature with a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 5.8 emu/g and elevated the media temperature to 45 °C, confirming the prospect to deliver hyperthermia. Furthermore, conjugation with MMP-1 antibodies resulted in a 3.07-fold higher uptake in HSC-3 (human tongue squamous cell carcinoma) cells as compared to L929 (fibroblast) cells, which translated to a 5-fold decrease in cell viability, confirming SCC targeting. Finally, upon magnetic stimulation, MMP-1-FeAu NPs conjugate triggered 89% HSC-3 cellular death, confirming the efficacy of antibody-conjugated nanoparticles in limiting SCC growth. The synergistic effect of biomarker-specific antibodies and magnetic nanoparticle-induced hyperthermia may open new doors towards SCC targeting for improved disease prognosis.
Highlights
Oral cancer is a common term for malignant tumors that occur in the oral cavity; about 90% of them are squamous cell carcinoma [1]
matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) antibody-conjugated FeAu NPs were investigated by TEM and analyzed using
The present study aims to target HSC-3 cells using MMP1 antibody-conjuin the presence of FeAu/MMP1-FeAu NPs and it was observed that the cell viability was gated FeAu NPs
Summary
Oral cancer is a common term for malignant tumors that occur in the oral cavity; about 90% of them are squamous cell carcinoma [1]. It is reported that oral cancer occurs in different parts of the mouth, such as the buccal mucosa (32%), tongue (22%), lower lip Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 61. The current treatments for oral cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, and taking anticancer drugs [8,9]. Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) has gained increasing attention owing to its non-invasiveness, high effectiveness, excellent tissue penetration, and cost effectiveness [10,11,12]. This treatment modality makes use of small magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), that display surface effect and quantum size effect and have superparamagnetic properties [13,14]. MNPs can be utilized as carriers of hyperthermic treatment for cancers [19,20]
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