Abstract
Retinoids affect cellular proliferation and differentiation. Their biologic activities are believed to be mediated by two subtypes of nuclear acid receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the refinoic X receptors (RXRs). RARs function mainly as heterodimers with RXRs. 1 In addition, RXRs are able to act as either heterodimers with other hormone receptors 1 (i.e., thyroid hormones, vitamin D3) or homodimers. 2 All-trans retinoic acid is the physiologic ligand for RARs, whereas one of its stereoisomers, 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA) has been identified as the natural ligand for RXRs. 3' 4 9-cis RA also has some affinity for RARs and may even be a natural antagonist for all-trans retinoic acid for binding to RAR complexes. 5 Consequently 9-cis RA seems to play a central role in controlling the transcription of retinoid-responsive genes. One of the most dramatic effects of one isomer of retinoic acid, 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA), is sebosuppression in human beings that results,, f rom the dedifferentiation and decreased proliferative activity of sebaceous cells. 6, 7 Because 13-cis RA is the only retinoid currently known to exert such an effect, we investigated whether 9-cis RA is sebosuppressive and therefore potentially efficacious against acne.
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