Abstract
Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a promising technology that can provide high data rates while supporting multiple users. The optical wireless (OW) physical layer has been researched extensively, however, less work was devoted to multiple access and how the OW front end is connected to the network. In this paper, an OWC system which employs a wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) scheme is studied, for the purpose of supporting multiple users. In addition, a cloud/fog architecture is proposed for the first time for OWC to provide processing capabilities. The cloud/fog-integrated architecture uses visible indoor light to create high data rate connections with potential mobile nodes. These OW nodes are further clustered and used as fog mini servers to provide processing services through the OW channel for other users. Additional fog-processing units are located in the room, the building, the campus and at the metro level. Further processing capabilities are provided by remote cloud sites. Two mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models were proposed to numerically study networking and processing in OW systems. The first MILP model was developed and used to optimize resource allocation in the indoor OWC systems, in particular, the allocation of access points (APs) and wavelengths to users, while the second MILP model was developed to optimize the placement of processing tasks in the different fog and cloud nodes available. The optimization of tasks placement in the cloud/fog-integrated architecture was analysed using the MILP models. Multiple scenarios were considered where the mobile node locations were varied in the room and the amount of processing and data rate requested by each OW node was varied. The results help to identify the optimum colour and AP to use for communication for a given mobile node location and OWC system configuration, the optimum location to place processing and the impact of the network architecture. This article is part of the theme issue 'Optical wireless communication'.
Highlights
The increasing demand for high data rates and the increasing number of Internet-connected devices [1] will soon be beyond the capabilities of the current radio frequency spectrum
Many studies have shown that video, data and voice can be transmitted through optical wireless communication (OWC) systems at high data rates of up to 25 Gbps and beyond in indoor environments [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]
This paper proposes an indoor multiple access OWC system to be used in conjunction with cloud/fog-integrated architecture
Summary
The increasing demand for high data rates and the increasing number of Internet-connected devices [1] will soon be beyond the capabilities of the current radio frequency spectrum. With the aim of reducing service latency and power consumption of cloud computing paradigms, recent research has focused on proposing new distributed architectures and solutions to offload the processing demands from central data centres. A 378: 20190188 to determine the achievable data rate of each mobile user These values are used to optimize the computing resources allocation in the fog/cloud architecture where a comprehensive MILP model is used to minimize the total computing and networking power consumption. This paper provides the first study to the best of our knowledge where OW systems are considered and integrated with opportunistic and fixed fog nodes considering the OW systems resource allocation mechanisms needed and the optimum placement of processing jobs all the way from the OW system handset/mobile unit to the central cloud passing through different fixed fog options at the room, building, campus and metro levels. (1 m, 1 m, 3 m), (1 m, 3 m, 3 m), (1 m, 5 m, 3 m), (1 m, 7 m, 3 m), number of RYGB LDs per unit transmitted optical power of red LD
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