Optimizing the productivity of vaname shrimp fry (Litopenaeus vannamei) through giving Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) to the cultivation of Skeletonema sp

Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the fishery commodity that has high economic value. One of the obstacles faced by cultivators is the high price of feed which reaches half of the production cost. This is due to the high cost of fish meal which is the main raw material for making fish feed or shrimp feed. Therefore, fish meal was substituted with raw materials that have almost the same or higher nutritional content, more affordable prices and abundant presence, namely sea worm flour (Nereis sp.). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of substitution of fish meal with marine worm meal (Nereis sp.) in diet on the growth and survival rate of pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) and to examine the best do se. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment tested was the substitution of fish meal with sea worm flour (Nereis sp.) in the diet with different doses including treatment A (0% flour Nereis sp.), B (25% flour Nereis sp.), C (30% flour Nereis sp.) and D (35% flour Nereis sp.). The test animals used were pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) post larvae 15. Shrimp were reared in a container with a size of (43x30x25) cm with 6 liters volume of water. Shrimp were reared for 42 days with a stocking density of 30 fish/container. The results showed that the substitution of fish meal with sea worm meal (Nereis sp.) in the diet had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the growth and survival rate of PL15 pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei). The highest values for total feed consumption, relative growth rate, feed utilization efficiency, food conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and SR were found in treatment C (30% Nereis sp. flour) with successive values of 80,61 g, 3,84 %/day, 72,01%, 1,39%, 1,67% and 100,00%. The water quality in the rearing media during the rearing period was still in the right range for cultivating vaname shrimp (R. canadum) post larvae . Based on these results, it can be concluded that the best treatment is treatment C which produces the highest growth and survival rate of pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) post larvae.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving the ratio of Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) with different doses on the growth of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in freshwater media. This research was conducted by experimental method using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The parameter studied was how the effect of the addition of Ca(OH)2 and Magnesium Sulfat (MgSO4) lime with different doses in the maintenance container with 5 treatments and 3 replications, so that 15 experiments were obtained. The treatments applied were: Treatment 1 (P1) Seawater without the addition of calcium and magnesium, P2 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2, P3 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 40 ppm MgSO4, P4 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 80 ppm MgSO4, and P5 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 120 ppm MgSO4. The results showed that the highest survival rate using fresh water was at P4 which was 82%, the specific weight growth rate was 3.9%, and the specific length growth rate was 2.6%. the value of the feed conversion ratio is 0.8. For water quality parameters, the temperature ranges from 30.4-30.60C, water pH 7.2-8.2, DO 6.4-6.6 mg/L, Alkalinity 68-72 ppm, and Ammonia 0.1 mg /L.Keywords: Ca(OH)2; Freshwater; MgSO4; Vannamei Shrimp

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving the ratio of Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) with different doses on the growth of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in freshwater media. This research was conducted by experimental method using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The parameter studied was how the effect of the addition of Ca(OH)2 and Magnesium Sulfat (MgSO4) lime with different doses in the maintenance container with 5 treatments and 3 replications, so that 15 experiments were obtained. The treatments applied were: Treatment 1 (P1) Seawater without the addition of calcium and magnesium, P2 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2, P3 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 40 ppm MgSO4, P4 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 80 ppm MgSO4, and P5 Freshwater + 80 ppm Ca(OH)2 and 120 ppm MgSO4. The results showed that the highest survival rate using fresh water was at P4 which was 82%, the specific weight growth rate was 3.9%, and the specific length growth rate was 2.6%. the value of the feed conversion ratio is 0.8. For water quality parameters, the temperature ranges from 30.4-30.60C, water pH 7.2-8.2, DO 6.4-6.6 mg/L, Alkalinity 68-72 ppm, and Ammonia 0.1 mg /L.Keywords: Ca(OH)2; Freshwater; MgSO4; Vannamei Shrimp

This research was conducted in March 2020 at BPBALP Teluk Buo, West Sumatera. This research aimed to determine the best dose for urea usage on S. costatum cell growth. The method used in this research was an experimental method using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, which was the various doses of urea fertilizer consisting of five treatments with three replications. Urea various doses used were 0 ppm (control treatment), 40 ppm (treatment A), 60 ppm (treatment B), 80 ppm (treatment C), and 100 ppm (treatment D) totaling 15 treatment units. The tested organism in this research was S. costatum. The container used was a plastic jar with 2 liters capacity. The parameters tested in this research were the maximum cell population density achieved by seven days of maintenance, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, and specific growth rate. The results showed that the best cell density was found at the treatment D (100 ppm), which was 1,228 x 104 cells / mL and the lowest cell density was in the control treatment (without urea) which was 533 x 104 cells / ml. The results of water quality measurements during the study were still in an adequate range and met the maintenance requirements of S. costatum. The range of water quality parameters were salinity 26-28 ppt, temperature of 25-27oC, and pH of 8.

The study aimed to determine the response of growth and yield of kailan on the interaction effect of a dolomite lime with bokashi of cow manure and its single factor effect. The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors in three replications. The first factor was dolomite lime which consists of 2 t ha-1 (k1), 5 t ha-1 (k2), 10 t ha-1 (k3) and 15 t ha-1 (k4), while the second factor was bokashi of cow manure consisting of 0 t ha-1 (b0), 10 t ha-1 (b1), 15 t ha-1 (b2), and 20 t ha-1 (b3). By observing growth components consisting of relatif growth rate (RGR), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), shoot/root ratio (S/R), and crop yield. As well as the components of soil nutrient content of N, P, K, C-organic content, pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results showed that the application of dolomite lime at a dose of 15 t ha-1 with bokashi fertilizer at a dose of 20 t ha-1 give the highest value of crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), shoot/root ratio (S/R), C-organic content, phosphorus (P), and Potassium in peat soil. The application of bokashi fertilizer at a dose of 15 t ha-1 was not different with 20 t ha-1 in terms of relatif growth rate (RGR), crop yield and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and respectively higher than the dose of 10 t ha-1 and without bokashi fertilizer. The application of dolomite lime at a dose of 10 t ha-1 was not different with 15 t ha-1 on the relative growth rate (RGR), and pH of peat soil, and each dose was higher than the doses of 5 t ha-1 and 2 t ha-1 . In terms of nitrogen (N) content, the application of dolomite lime at a dose of 5 t ha-1 was not different with the dose of 10 t ha-1 , and 15 t ha-1 , the N content was higher than the dose of 2 t ha-1 . The increase in the dose of dolomite lime at 20 t ha-1 of bokashi fertilizer showed a positive linier correlation, except for the Potassium which showed a quadratic correlation. The increase dose of dolomite lime in the bokashi fertilizer, the plant growth rate (PAR), net assimilation rate (NAR), shoot/root ratio (S/R), C-organic content, and phosphorus (P) would increase as well. Each single factor of the dose of dolomite lime and bokashi fertilizer showed a positive linier relationship to the relatif growth rate (RGR), crop yield, N-total, pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of peat soil, except for N-total and pH in bokashi fertilizer.

Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as a superior type of shrimp, has economic value so it is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Vaname shrimp are included in aquatic organisms. This research was conducted to assess the effect of differences in salinity on the survival and growth rate of vaname shrimp. The research was carried out using experimental methods using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using six different salinity treatments (0 ppt; 3 ppt; 6 ppt; 9 ppt; 12 ppt; 15 ppt) with four replications. The experimental results were analyzed statistically through one-way analysis of variance (One Way Anova). Data showed no difference in survival. The salinity treatment given was high enough so that the average survival was 58.33%, with the highest value shown in the P3 (9ppt) treatment at 80%. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in length growth and weight growth in different treatments. In treatment P3 (9 ppt) the highest results were obtained with an average shrimp length of 10.66 cm. Thus, the average daily growth rate in the P3 (9 ppt) shrimp treatment was 0.18%/day. The influence of cannibalism and feeding greatly determined survival in this study.Keywords : vannamei shrimp, salinity, growth, survivalAbstrakUdang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) sebagai jenis udang yang diunggulkan, memiliki nilai ekonomi sehingga banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Udang vaname termasuk dalam organisme akuatik. Penelitian ini dilakukan menilai pengaruh perbedaan salinitas pada sintasan dan laju pertumbuhan udang vaname. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan enam perlakuan salinitas berbeda (0 ppt; 3 ppt; 6 ppt; 9 ppt; 12 ppt;15 ppt) dengan empat ulangan. Hasil eksperimen dianalisis secara statistik melalui analisis varian satu arah (One Way Anova). Data menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan pada sintasan. Perlakuan salinitas yang diberikan cukup tinggi sehingga rata sintasan sebesar 58,33%, dengan nilai tertinggi ditunjukkan pada perlakuan P3 (9 ppt) sebesar 80%. Sementara itu, terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan panjang dan pertumbuhan berat yang signifikan pada perlakuan berbeda. Dalam perlakuan P3 (9 ppt) diperoleh hasil tertinggi dengan rata-rata panjang udang 10,66 cm. Demikian dengan rata-rata laju pertumbuhan harian pada perlakuan P3 (9 ppt) udang sebesar 0,18 %/hari. Pengaruh kanibalisme serta pemberian pakan sangat menentukan sintasan dalam penelitian ini.Kata kunci : udang vaname, salinitas, pertumbuhan, sintasan

This study aims to investigate the effect of using different probiotics on growth, survival rate, and feed conversion rate of African catfish on the biofloc system. The study was conducted at the SMK PP Negeri Mataram Laboratory from August to September 2020. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments with 3 replications. Data collection was carried out by measuring fish length and fish weight. The data analyzed were daily weight growth rate, daily length growth rate, specific growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion rate, growth pattern, and condition factors. Growth rates, survival and feed conversion rates were analyzed using the ANOVA method and LSD test. The results indicated that the growth rate of daily weight, length growth rate, specific growth rate, and conversion rate has optimal in the treatment of Bacillus + Lactobacillus probiotic. In this treatment, the average daily weight growth rate in the treatment was 0.13 gr/day, the daily length growth rate for African catfish was 0.130 cm/day, the specific growth rate was 1.76%/day, and the average feed conversion rate of 0.641. The highest survival rate also occurred in the treatment of Bacillus + Lactobacillus probiotics with an average of 81.33%. The growth pattern of African catfish with the biofloc system is negative allometric, the coefficient value (b) is less than 3. The condition factor for African catfish is categorized as flat.

This study was aimed to discover the effect of KNO3 fertilizer and growth regulators on the sweetness level of melon and to determine the best dose of KNO3 and growth regulator fertilizers that can increase the sweetness of melon. This study used a randomized block design of two factors, namely: Factor I dose of KNO3 fertilizer with 4 levels: K0 (0g/plant), K1 (6g/plant), K2 (9g/plant), and K3 (12g/plant). Factor II: concentration of mung bean sprout extract with 3 levels: C0 (0 g/l), C1 (100 g/l), C2 (200 g/l). The results showed that the KNO3 fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on all observation variables, while the treatment with mung bean sprout extract at a dose of C1 (100 g/l), showed the best treatment

This research aims to know the influence of the time of fermentation of organic matter (chicken mature, tofu waste and bread waste) that’s different to protein content of fertilizer of Daphnia sp.’s culture media and determine the best treatment to produce the protein content of fertilizer of Daphnia sp.’s culture media, growth, biomass and protein content on Daphnia sp.. This research used laboratory animals such as Daphnia sp. and a container of concrete tanks as many as 12. The methods of this research used experimental methods with Complete Random Design with 4 treatments and 3 repetition with the density of the Daphnia sp. was 100 ind./l with a dose of fertilizers is 25 % chicken manure, 25 % tofu waste and 50 % bread the total amount of the combination was 2 g/l. Treatments of this research were Treatment A (0 days fermentation without EM4), B (7 days fermentation), C (14 days fermentation), D (21 days fermentation). The results showed that the treatment of C was the highest protein content of fertilizer is 20.10%, population density valued 1036.73 ind/ml, biomass in treatment C resulted averaged in 130.40 gram, the content of protein is 67.49%, specific growth rate with a value of 0.671/day. The conclusion of this research that was found from the addition of the combination organic material (chicken manure, tofu waste and bread waste) with different fermentation time gave significant difference (P<0,01) on nutritional fertilizers, growth, biomass, and nutrient contents of Daphnia sp. Keywords : Daphnia sp., time of fermentation, protein

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of feeding in the form of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) to increase the growth of the (Clarias gariepinus) mutiara catfish seeds.&#x0D; Study Design: This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and four replications. The treatments are a combination of commercial feed and maggots consisting of A (control, 100% commercial feed), B (75% commercial feed + 25% dry maggot), C (50% commercial feed + 50% dry maggot) and D (100 % dry maggot).&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted from August 2022 to September 2022 at the Cipancuh Fish Seed Center, Indramayu Regency. Mutiara catfish seeds were obtained from the Cipancuh Fish Seed Center, commercial feed and dried maggot were obtained from online stores whose quality was guaranteed.&#x0D; Methodology: The parameters observed in this study were survival, specific growth rate and water quality. The water quality observed included temperature, pH, DO and ammonia levels. Mutiara catfish fry were maintained for 40 days by feeding them three times a day. Length data collection and survival value are carried out every ten days as well as water quality testing using certain tools.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that the combination of commercial feed and dry maggot had an effect on the specific length growth rate and survival of mutiara catfish seeds. the combination of 50% commercial feed and 50% dry maggot produced the highest specific length growth rate of 16.19%, 75% commercial feed and 25% dry maggot produced a specific length growth rate of 13.36%, with 100% commercial feed % resulted in a specific growth rate of 11.83% and by feeding 100% dry maggot produced the lowest growth rate of 8.03%. The highest survival rate was in treatment D by feeding 100% dry maggot with a value of 91%, the survival rate in the treatment given a combination of 50% commercial feed and 50% dry maggot resulted in a value of 84%, with 75% commercial feeding and maggot dry 25% resulted in a survival rate of 79.50% and the lowest survival rate at 100% commercial feeding was 78.50%. the water quality of the maintenance media is in accordance with the effective requirements for the maintenance of SNI mutiara catfish seeds.&#x0D; Conclusion: Giving a combination of 50% commercial feed and 50% dry maggot resulted in the highest specific length growth rate of 16.19%. The highest survival rate of mutiara catfish seeds was obtained by feeding 100% dry maggot, which was 91%.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of three different depth of plantation of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed to the relative and daily growth rate of seaweed. The experiment was designed using a Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments (25, 50 and 75 cm) depths of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed. Each treatments was done in triplicate. Data of the relative and daily growth rate of seaweed are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and then were analysed using one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A Duncan Multiple test was applied to find out the difference among the treatments. Based on the results, the different depth of plantation gave a highly significant influence (p&lt;0.01) to the the relative and daily growth rate of seaweed. The treatment for 25 cm of the depth plantation showed the relative growth of seaweed of 910% , nearly 3 times of 75cm of depth plantation. The result of this research indicated that the 25 cm depth of plantation was the best relative and daily growth rate of seaweed of all treatments. Key words : The depth of plantation , relative growth rate, daily growth rate, Eucheuma cottoniii

Aims: To determine the effect of different feeding doses supplemented with Moringa leaf powder (Moringa oleifera) on the growth of vannamei shrimp infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Study Design: Quantitative Experimental. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted over a period of 60 days, from January to March, at the Fish Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Study Program, University of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Methodology: This research is using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisted by 5 treatments and 3 replications, resulting in a total of 15 experimental units. The treatments applied are addition moringa leaf powder (MLP) at different doses/kg food (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). Shrimp cultivation was carried out for a period of 45 days. On the 46th day, the shrimp were subjected to a challenge test using Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria to evaluate the immune response of the shrimp that had been added MLP according to their respective treatment groups. Results: The results of this research showed that the addition of moringa leaf powder (MLP) to feed at different doses had a significant effect to the parameters. Treatment 5 (P5-6% MLP addition) resulting survival rate 85%, specific weight growth rate 1.65%/day, specific length growth rate 2.3%/day, FCR 1.33, and phagocytic activity (PA) 74%. Treatment 5 (P5) statistically different to other treatment. Conclusion: The addition of Moringa leaf powder through feed had a significant effect on survival rate, specific weight growth rate, specific length growth rate, FCR, and phagocytic activity.

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a high-value aquaculture commodity in Indonesia, with continuously increasing production. However, the high cost of imported feed poses a challenge, necessitating alternative local feed ingredients such as green tea leaves, which are rich in catechins, to improve feed efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of green tea leaf powder supplementation on the growth and survival rate of whiteleg shrimp. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with six treatments (0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg feed) and three replications over 49 days. The results showed that the 0.25 g/kg dose yielded the best absolute weight gain (0.67 g), absolute length gain (3.36 cm), specific growth rate (13.30%/day), feed efficiency (90.82%), and feed conversion ratio (1.10), significantly differing from other treatments. Shrimp survival rates remained high (&gt;90%) across all treatments. It was concluded that supplementing 0.25 g/kg green tea leaf powder in feed optimally enhances growth and feed efficiency in whiteleg shrimp without affecting survival rates.

Water quality can affect the survival and growth of aquatic organisms considering water is a living medium for fish. This study aims to determine how the effect of different models of different ponds on water quality fluctuations for the growth of white shrimp ( L. vannamei ) intensive pattern. The method used in this study is a comparative descriptive method. The statistical test used is using T test two samples (independent). The main parameters in this study were the results of measuring the growth of white shrimp ( L. vannamei ) while the supporting parameters in this study were measurements of water quality and total bacteria. The results of this study can be seen that differences in cultivation models have a significant effect on temperature, pH (Power of Hydrogen), DO (Dissolved oxygen), nitrate and have no significant effect on salinity, ammonia and nitrite. The average Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of vaname shrimp in the indoor culture model is 4.5±0.003%/day and the average Growth Rate (GR) is 0.29±0.024 g/day. While the outdoor cultivation model is 3.9±0.003%/day and the average Growth Rate (GR) is 0.26±0.017 g/day.

The Problems of climbing perch hatchery are low survival and growth rate in larvae. This is associated with the larvae ability to receive feed transition from the endogenous feeding to the exogenous feeding. During this period, feed must be consistent with required by the larvae either natural feed, artificial feed, or a combination. Naturaly silk worms is given, however availability silk worms is very limited in the wild. There to need to combine silk worms with artificial feed. The purpose of this study is to determine growth and survival rate of climbing perch larvae which is fed silk worms combined with artificial feed. The research had been conducted in Laboratorium Dasar Perikanan , Department of Aquaculture, Agriculture Faculty, Sriwijaya University on January until March 2016. The research method used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments were P1 (silk worms 100% + 0% artificial feed), P2 (silk worms 75% + 25% artificial feed), P3 (silk worms 50% + artificial feed 50%), P4 (silk worms 25% + 75% artificial feed) and P5 (silk worms 0% + 100% artificial feed). Parameters that had been observed were survival rate, specific growth rate, and water quality parameters. The results showed that culture of climbing perch larvae fed silk worms, artificial feed and combination of them gave significant effect on survival rate and specific growth rate (weight and length). The treatment P3 resulted highest of survival rate 88.67% and specific growth rate (weights 20.16%.days -1 and length 8.11%.days -1 ). During the research, water quality were in tolerance range for climbing perch larvae rearing: temperature was 27-29 o C, pH 6.2-7.3, DO 4.11-5.50 mg.L -1 , ammonia 0.01-0.21 mg.L -1 . Key words : Climbing perch larvae, Silk worm, Artificial feed, Specific growth rate, Survival rate.