Abstract
The selection of extraction solvents is a critical factor influencing the composition and concentration of phytochemicals in plant extracts, thereby leading to variations in their biological activities. In this study, Ampelocissus martini Planch., an edible plant traditionally used for its medicinal properties, was investigated for its phytochemical profile and biological activities. We assessed the impact of different solvents used in fractionating the aqueous methanolic root extract of the plant on its phytochemical content, as well as its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial properties. Among the 3 fractions—ethyl acetate, butanol, and water-soluble—the butanol fraction exhibited significantly higher levels of total phenolics and proanthocyanidins, while the ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest levels of total flavonoids and saponins. The water-soluble fraction showed lower concentrations of these compounds compared to the other 2 fractions. The butanol fraction demonstrated superior antioxidant activity, outperforming other fractions and several standard antioxidants, as evidenced by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays. Additionally, the butanol fraction showed greater antidiabetic activity, indicated by a lower IC50 value, although it was still less effective than acarbose, a synthetic antidiabetic drug. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between total proanthocyanidin content and the observed levels of antioxidant and antidiabetic activities across the fractions. All fractions also exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Based on these findings, butanol emerges as the optimal solvent for extracting specific phytochemicals with potent antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities from the aqueous methanolic extract of A. martini root. The butanol fraction holds promise as a natural source of antioxidants for managing diabetes and its associated complications. HIGHLIGHTS Butanol extract showed strong antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, rich in proanthocyanidins. Strong link was found between proanthocyanidins and bioactivities in A. martini. Butanol fraction showed promise as a natural antioxidant for diabetes management. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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