Optimizing solar still performance through glass cover optical properties: A mathematical modeling and theoretical investigation

Abstract

This research investigates the impact of the glass cover's optical properties on fresh water production in solar still desalination systems. By examining the transmissivity, absorptivity, and reflectivity of the glass cover under different operating conditions, the study aims to optimize the yield and efficiency of the desalination process. A validated mathematical model is developed, integrating energy and mass transfer with the glass cover's optical properties. For Matroh City, the research determines the optimal tilt angle of the glass cover (21.7°) and reveals absorptivity values ranging from 0.086 to 0.112, reflectivity values ranging from 0.076 to 0.89, and increasing transmissivity values from 0 to 0.84. Furthermore, a variable monthly optimal tilt angle outperforms a fixed annual tilt angle, resulting in a 2.5 % increase in annual distillate production. The results indicates that with an increase in glass thickness from 5 mm to 20 mm, the daily yield and efficiency decrease from 6.6 kg/m2 and 31.5 % to 5.2 kg/m2 and 24.9 %.This research provides valuable insights into the influence of glass cover optical properties on solar still desalination performance, contributing to renewable energy-based desalination processes. The implications extend to the development of sustainable water sources, greenhouse gas reduction, and addressing water scarcity challenges.