Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO), an experimentally friendly transparent conducting oxide (TCO), has attracted great attention in the photoelectric field due to its intrinsically low resistivity and high transparency. In this work, the experimental conditions of preparing ITO nanoparticles using the microemulsion method were optimized by an orthogonal experiment. The optimal experimental conditions were obtained: mass ratio of the surfactant (AEO-3, MOA-5), a co-surfactant (n-propyl alcohol) of 5:3, molar ratio of indium and ammonia of 1:20, calcination temperature of 700 °C and calcination time of 4 h. Subsequently, the influence from process variables on the resistivity was researched systematically. The results demonstrated that the calcination temperature had a great effect on the resistivity; the resistivity reduced from 11.28 to 2.72 Ω·cm with the increase in the calcination temperature from 500 to 700 °C. Ultimately, ITO nanoparticles were prepared and systematically characterized under the optimal experimental conditions. The particles with a size of 60 nm were attributed to the cubic ITO crystal phase and showed low resistivity of 0.3675 Ω·cm. Significantly, ITO nanoparticles with low resistivity were obtained using the microemulsion method, which has potential application in the field of ITO nanoparticle preparation.
Highlights
Antaryami Mohanta and Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an n-type semiconductor oxide [1,2]
Due to low resistivity combined with high transparency to visible light [3,4], ITO films have been widely used in various technological areas, including flat panel displays [5,6], solar cells [7,8], gas sensors [9,10] and organic light emitting diodes [11,12]
It has been reported that the properties of ITO nanoparticles have a significant influence on the properties of ITO targets [14]
Summary
Antaryami Mohanta and Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an n-type semiconductor oxide [1,2]. In recent years, due to low resistivity combined with high transparency to visible light [3,4], ITO films have been widely used in various technological areas, including flat panel displays [5,6], solar cells [7,8], gas sensors [9,10] and organic light emitting diodes [11,12]. The co-precipitation method [18] has a simple preparation process, but the morphology and dispersibility of the nanoparticles are difficult to control. Compared with the above methods, the microemulsion method, with a simple and safe process, could control the morphology and size of the nanoparticles. It has been used in the preparation of metal nanocrystals, metal oxides and polymers, such as highefficiency CsPbBr3 /CsPb2 Br5 composite [20], nanostructured CaO/CuO composites [21], hydrophobically associative polyacrylamides [22] and sub-100 nm PEG NPs [23]. The microemulsion method has not been applied in the preparation of ITO nanoparticles
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