Abstract
This study was aimed to optimize the designed water distribution system in the Wukro town using WaterGEMS model. The Darwin Designer in WaterGEMS was applied for finding optimal pipe diameter to supply adequate quantity of water at satisfactory pressures to the end users. In the WaterGEMS model, the Darwin Scheduler of daily pumping operations tools also used for optimal control and operation of pump systems. The WaterGEMS model was implemented in water distribution networks which include 117 pipes (40.67km), 99 demand nodes (equivalent to 50480 end users) that are spread across a hilly area over a 1989m to 2046m elevation gradient. The model was calibrated at the selected nodes within very good performance. The results have shown that the maximum pressure before optimization is 31.1m and after optimization increased to 38.1m, the minimum pressure on the former is 7.9m and 16m later during peak hour demand. Comparison of results showed that the optimized networks reduce the cost by 9.6% than those of before optimization networks by traditional hydraulic. In addition to this, the optimal tanks filling/emptying arrangement decreased the daily cost of energy consumptions by 12.5% compare as a currently scheduled pump. The finding of this study indicated that the WaterGEMS model is a promising approach for optimal sizing of pipes in design water distribution networks and pumping operational schedules. Keywords : Water Distribution Network, Genetic Algorithm, Pipe Diameter, Energy consumption, Darwin Designer, Darwin scheduler DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-6-01 Publication date: June 30 th 2020
Highlights
Water distribution systems (WDSs) are vital infrastructure for supplying water from the source to the end users
The Wukro town results indicate the existing WDS showed that a low amount of total water loss is detected in the WDS due to the water supply project is constructed in the recent year (2016)
The best results accomplished revealing savings of 9.6% and 12.5% based on the cost of the pipes and energy consumption respectively in the existing network confirmed that the WaterGEMS optimization technique has constantly obtained lower cost solutions www.iiste.org used by many design engineers
Summary
Water distribution systems (WDSs) are vital infrastructure for supplying water from the source to the end users. It has been designed commonly to provide an adequate amount of potable water with sufficient pressure at the consumer, where the water demand is required namely the residential, industrial, institutional, and commercial (Elsheikh et al, 2013). The WDS infrastructure has been constructed and developed for hundreds of years across in the world on the population growth and urbanization (Ramos et al, 2018). Several scholars have been optimized the WDS through modified the pipe diameter, energy consumptions of the pump, and location of the reservoir (Bello et al.,2015; Ramos et al, 2018; Boano et al, 2015). The numerous optimization methods are studies in the worldwide such as GA (Djebedjian et al 2006; Guc, 2006), linear programming (Samani and Zanganeh, 2010; Bello et al, 2015) nonlinear programming and dynamic programming (Keles, 2005; Akdogan, 2005) talk too much time for computations and need more powerful computer (Guc, 2006)
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