Abstract
Paeonia ostii is the representative of oil-utilized peony, its roots (PR) and leaves (PL) are discarded as by-products, resulting in a waste of resources. The exploration of extraction process of active ingredients from PR/PL is beneficial to the comprehensive utilization. In this work, the optimum process of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAEo) of total flavonoids content (TFC) from PR and PL was determined by single factor and response surface methodology. The results showed that UAEo was 80 min, 1:5 g/mL, 250 W, 33.83 mg Rutin/g dw for PR and 60 min, 1:10 g/mL, 250 W, 25.85 mg Rutin/g dw for PL. Then, Homogenization-Assisted Extraction (HAE), Homogenization-Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (HUAEo) and Ultrasound-Homogenization-Assisted Extraction (UHAEo) were further analyzed. The highest PR(PL)-TFC by HUAEo at homogenization 5 min was 49.58 ± 0.25 mg/g with an increase of 46.6% (33.02 ± 0.04 mg/g with an increase of 27.7%). The highest PR/PL-total phenolic content by the HUAEo reached 77.84 ± 0.52 mg/g dw and 146.62 ± 2.77 mg/g dw for homogenization 3 min. However, there was no significant difference between HUAEo and UHAEo. In conclusion, the TFC increased with the extension of HAE time, and the combined extraction was higher yield than the single extraction.
Highlights
Peony, a perennial deciduous shrub belonging to the Paeonia in the family Paeoniaceae, can be subdivided into ornamental peony and oil-utilized peony according to different purpose
If the extraction temperature is too high (> 80°C), it may lead to the structural change and low bioactivity of active compounds (Zhang & Lee, 2021).Both ultrasonic temperature and power have a significant influence on the total flavonoids content (TFC), and the ultrasonic process was accompanied by heat release, resulting in temperature instability
It could be seen that ethanol concentration had a significant impact on the TFC in peony, but higher ethanol concentration directly affect the flavonoids solubility.Considering the safety and price of solvents, and most studies show that 60% ethanol is the best extraction solvent for phenolic compounds (Akbari et al, 2019, Lim et al, 2019), 60% ethanol was selected as one of basic conditions
Summary
A perennial deciduous shrub belonging to the Paeonia in the family Paeoniaceae, can be subdivided into ornamental peony and oil-utilized peony according to different purpose. The oil content of peony seeds (Paeonia ostii) is as high as 27% (Li, et al, 2015). The seed oil contains high level unsaturated fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid, of which the content of α-linolenic acid exceeds 40% (Qiao et al, 2020). Peony seed oil was approved as a new food resource by the Ministry of Health of the people’s Republic of China in 2011 (Chang, et al, 2020). Peony root in a broad sense has medicinal value as long as paeonol exceeds 1.2% in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015), the large-scale utilization of P. ostii root (PR) still lacks data support. A feasible extraction process is being expected to utilize of these non-medicinal PR and abandoned PL
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