Abstract
The use of in vitro technique with domestic animal gametes and the methods of embryo manipulation of assisted reproduction is currently the most advanced method in cattle breeding with regard to scientific research and practice. The technology of In vitro Production (IVP) of bovine embryos comprises In vitro maturation, In vitro Fertilization (IVF) and In vitro culture until the stage of the blastocyst. During mating, cervical mucus poses a barrier that only allows the migration of spermatozoa with normal morphology, progressive motility, and highly stable nucleus. Fresh ejaculates of bulls usually have more than 80% of progressively motile spermatozoa and 85% with morphologically normal shape. Frozen- thawed bull sperm has a lower percentage of progressive motility (30%-70%) so special attention should be paid during optimization to the methods of sperm preparation for assisted reproduction such as IVP. With the use of such procedures, the sperm quality could be significantly improved by enhancing progressive motility and increasing the number of morphologically normal spermatozoa. Such selection of spermatozoa separates motile sperm from non-motile, removes seminal plasma, cryoprotective agents, other background materials and debris, and also at the same time initiates sperm capacitation. The efficacy of sperm preparation methods could be evaluated by using different sperm parameters such as: sperm motility, morphology, concentration, viability, membrane activity, acrosome status, reactive oxygen species formation, chromatin maturity and integrity, protamination degree and IVP rates. The aim of the current review is to consider and discuss scientific data regarding the necessity of bull sperm optimization for an IVF procedure in order to improve IVP efficiency of bovine embryos. It could be concluded that the use of different sperm optimization methods for IVF is essential in order to improve the quality of obtained sperm. However, it would be advisable to extend the comparison of sperm preparation methods by transfer of IVP embryos into recipient cows which will allow more reliable results of subsequent embryo development.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
