Abstract
A micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven hydrophilic phenolic acids and four lipophilic tanshinones in three Salvia species. In normal MEKC mode using SDS as surfactant, the investigated 11 compounds could not be well separated. Therefore, several buffer modifiers including β-cyclodextrins (β-CD), ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) and organic solvents have been added to the buffer solution to improve the separation selectivity. Under the optimized conditions (BGE, 15 mM sodium tetraborate with 10 mM SDS, 5 mM β-CD, 10 mM [bmim]BF4 and 15% ACN (v/v) as additives; buffer pH, 9.8; voltage, 20 kV; temperature, 25 °C), the 11 investigated analytes could achieve baseline separation in 34 min. The proposed MEKC was additionally validated by evaluating the linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9965), LODs (0.27–1.39 μg·mL−1), and recovery (94.26%–105.17%), demonstrating this method was reproducible, accurate and reliable. Moreover, the contents of the 11 compounds in three Salvia species, including S. miltiorrhiza, S. przewalskii and S. castanea were analyzed. The result showed that the established MEKC method was simple and practical for the simultaneous determination of the hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive components in Salvia species, which could be used to effectively evaluate the quality of these valued medicinal plants.
Highlights
Salvia, one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family, is widely distributed in various regions of the world and is represented by over 1000 species [1]
Since the contents of chemical constituents usually differ in various Salvia species, the development of proper methods for determining the active components in danshen and related species is of significant importance for the rational utilization of these medicinal plants
According to our previous work, the seven hydrophilic compounds could be perfectly separated under the ordinary capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) mode [24]
Summary
One of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family, is widely distributed in various regions of the world and is represented by over 1000 species [1]. According to the results of pharmacological studies and chemical investigations on these Salvia species, there are mainly two types of bioactive components responsible for their remarkable pharmacological or therapeutic effects, phenolic acids (e.g., salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid) and tanshinones (e.g., tanshinone IIA and dihydrotanshinone I) [6,7,8,9,10,11,12] Both hydrophilic phenolic acids and lipophilic tanshinones are often considered as chemical markers for quality evaluation of danshen and related medicinal plants [13,14,15]. In Chinese Pharmacopoeia (edtion 2010) [16], hydrophilic salvianolic acid B and lipophilic tanshinone IIA are chosen together as chemical indicators to assess the quality of danshen
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