Abstract
Extraction of carotenoids from crustacean wastes was optimized in this research by the response surface methodology via organic solvent extraction (OSE) and vegetable oil extraction (VOE). Among the solvents, acetone and sunflower oil had the highest amount of carotenoid yield. The OSE and VOE were optimally applied to extract crab wastes by a solvent ratio of 4:1 (v/w) when the extraction was repeated 5 times (9.777 µg/g) and the oil to waste ratio was 5:1 at 78°C in 95 min (0.372 µg/g), respectively. The optimal conditions for extracting shrimp wastes were at a solvent ratio of 6:1 (v/w) by repeating the extraction 4 times (81.798 µg/g) and the oil to waste ratio was 5:1 at 40°C in 180 min (5.553 µg/g), respectively. Results revealed that the extraction of carotenoids by the OSE method is more efficient than the VOE method, and the amount of carotenoid yield in shrimp wastes is higher than crab wastes. Practical applications Shrimps and crabs are one of the most important natural sources of carotenoids among crustaceans. Crab and shrimp wastes could be used as the cheapest raw materials for carotenoid recovery, and also as an alternative to synthetic carotenoids. The recovery of these valuable components from the waste could improve the economy for crustacean processors and minimize the pollution potential of these wastes.
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