Abstract
Using native maize starches as raw materials, this paper studied the process optimization of alcoholic-alkaline freeze-drying treatment to prepare granular cold-water swelling (GCWS) starches. In this work, three statistical approaches, specifically, Plackett-Burman, steepest ascent path analysis and Box-Behnken design, were combined to investigate the effects of major treatment process variables, including the ethanol concentration, sodium hydroxide dosage, alcoholic-alkaline treatment reaction time, and drying operation, that is, the vacuum degree, drying time and material thickness, on cold-water solubility. The results revealed that the ethanol volume fraction, sodium hydroxide dosage and vacuum degree were significant factors. Maximum cold-water solubility was obtained when the optimum volume fraction of ethanol and sodium hydroxide dosage were 43.32% and 58.43 mL, respectively, and when dried at 56.42 Pa of vacuum degree. The theoretical values (89.6%) and observed values (85.3%) were in reasonable agreement, and the deviation was less than 1%. The verification and repeated trial results indicated that the alcoholic-alkaline freeze-drying treatment could be successfully used for preparation of GCWS starches at room temperature and greatly improved cold-water solubility.
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