OPTIMIZATION METHODS IN CALCULATIONS OF MECHANISMS OF VEHICLES OF TRANSPORT

Abstract

Purpose. The optimal design of vehicle mechanisms is a detailed review and evaluation of the scientific and technical literature and individual publications on the methodology for optimizing the inherent calculations of these types of mechanical structures. The main purpose of this review material is to consider a number of directions for designing mechanisms of means of transport, especially highlighting the use of optimization methods. Research in the field of designing mechanisms is carried out in two directions: by the synthesis method according to given provisions and by the method of mathematical programming. Methods. Methods for the synthesis of hinged-lever mechanisms can be divided into two groups. In the first one, methods of approximation of functions are used, in the second one, optimization methods. The search for the optimal solution in the second group means the simultaneous search for the correct formulation of the problem, in which the parameters of the mechanisms should be sought under conditions of the best satisfaction of the requirements of the technological process. The problems of optimal design of mechanisms most often continue to be formulated as problems of the best approximation of functions. Optimization synthesis is a relatively new direction in the synthesis of lever mechanisms. Optimization synthesis is carried out on the basis of nonlinear optimization methods. At present, the complexity and complexity of the problems that arise and require solution in the process of designing mechanisms have significantly increased. A certain amount of research has been carried out within the framework of the classical theory of finite and infinitely small plane displacements. In these works, the theory of spatial motion of a general form is developed in detail and applied to the problems of kinematic synthesis. Results. Since the simplex method is quite effective in solving problems of linear programming, it became the founder of a number of methods of sequential linearization or methods of secant planes for solving nonlinear programming. Practical significance. With an extensive list of modern literature and scientific publications on the synthesis of mechanisms and mathematical programming, a complete chronological review of the achievements of the last decade would be quite loud. Therefore, individual trends in the synthesis of mechanisms were only noted, focusing on the desire to obtain a “better” design, taking into account practical requirements. The synthesis of mechanisms is an area in which the application of mathematical programming methods is quite promising due to their free formulation. The constraints and requirements of engineering practical problems can often be taken into account in forms consistent with the data of modern methods. The main purpose of this study is to make widely known the achievements in the two fields with the hope that currently existing optimization tools will be applied to these synthesis problems and that, conversely, the optimization tools will be further improved as a result of research on the design of vehicle mechanisms. This will contribute to a better understanding and accelerated development of both mechanisms calculation methods and optimization methodology.