Abstract
The detection of trace aroma compounds in samples with complex matrices such as Chinese liquor (Baijiu) requires a combination of several methods, which makes the analysis process very complicated. Therefore, a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method coupled with two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) was developed for the quantitation of a large number of trace compounds in Baijiu. Optimization of extraction conditions via a series of experiments revealed that dilution of the alcohol content of 8 mL of Baijiu to 5%, followed by the addition of 3.0 g of NaCl and subsequent SPME extraction with DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber coating over 45 min at 45 °C was the most suitable. To check the matrix effects, various model Baijiu matrices were investigated in detail. The quantitative method was established through an optimized model synthetic solution, which can identify 119 aroma compounds (esters, alcohols, fatty acids, aldehydes and ketones, furans, pyrazines, sulfur compounds, phenols, terpenes, and lactones) in the Baijiu sample. The developed procedure provided high recovery (86.79–117.94%), good repeatability (relative standard deviation < 9.93%), high linearity (R2 > 0.99), and lower detection limits than reported methods. The method was successfully applied to study the composition of volatile compounds in different types of Baijiu. This research indicated that the optimized HS-SPME–GC×GC-TOFMS method was a valid and accurate procedure for the simultaneous determination of different types of trace compounds in Baijiu. This developed method will allow an improved analysis of other samples with complex matrices.
Highlights
Aroma is an important feature of distilled alcoholic beverages, which can directly affect the definition of product quality, the control of safety, and consumer choice [1]
The combination of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and GC×GC-TOFMS was used for quantitative detection of trace components in Baijiu samples, and matrix interferences were investigated
We optimized a series of extraction conditions, namely, sample dilution, sample volume, extraction temperature, and time for SPME analysis of volatile compounds in Baijiu
Summary
Aroma is an important feature of distilled alcoholic beverages, which can directly affect the definition of product quality, the control of safety, and consumer choice [1]. Ethanol and water are major constituents of distilled alcoholic beverages, several hundreds of compounds from different chemical classes majorly contribute to their aroma profile [2,3,4]. The identification of sulfur and nitrogen compounds has great advantages using a flame photometric detector (FPD) and nitrogen phosphorus detector, whereas other compounds are identified using mass spectrometry (MS) [10] To overcome these drawbacks, comprehensive one-dimensional gas chromatography (2-D GC) was developed that offers substantial advantages over conventional 1-D GC due to its high sensitivity and chromatographic resolution [11]. Two-dimensional GC (GC×GC) allows spectra deconvolution of co-eluted peaks, which makes it a useful technique for the separation and identification of trace aroma-active compounds in complex samples, and it can simultaneously identify different classes of compounds [12]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
