Optimising Quality of Service (QoS) for IoT-based industrial systems using Six Sigma methodologies

The state of e-commerce today is well advanced and thus increased use of e-commerce will depend on the degree to which the quality of service (QoS) issues are addressed. The QoS issues in spontaneous business to business (B2B) trading includes order authorization, transaction recording, payment mechanism, online marketing, message authentication and confidentiality. Additional QoS issues for B2B exchanges include critical mass, marketing and links to business process. The QoS issues in business to consumer (B2C) include speed of download, usability, ease of finding information, online marketing, timeliness, confidentiality and transaction integrity. Electronic data interchange (EDI) replicated the movement of trade documents from company to company in order to reduce the cost of handling transactions. Mobile e-commerce and data services have largely emphasized the B2C market. (4 pages)

Mobile broadband technologies are now an important part of the communication infrastructure even for most of the developing world. These technologies can potentially play an important role in improving the socioeconomic status of rural areas. However, adaptation of these technologies for provision of relevant multimedia services faces major challenges. Perhaps, Quality of Service (QoS) issues still tops the list of such challenges. In this work we study how to evaluate the QoS of cellular-based systems focusing on an application perspective. We quantify the QoS levels for different traffic models using application and network related parameters to identify the most suitable configuration for running multimedia-based services. More specifically, our analysis is based on considering a unified measure combining key QoS metrics such as packet loss, and delay. For evaluation purposes, we also investigate the QoS issues of deploying a distance education platform running over UMTS cellular systems. The QoS issues related to the deployment of multimedia services in cellular technologies are then considered and analyzed in detail through simulation studies. The results show that by inclusion of the communication technology and application related parameters along with the number of users in QoS evaluations, better performing network configurations can be readily selected. This is achieved, through our proposed application-based QoS evaluation scheme that is based on combining various related measures. The proposed scheme is shown to be particularly beneficial for evaluating and improving QoS for multimedia-based heterogeneous networks.

In this paper, we address QoS (Quality of Service) issues of video transmission over WiFi-WMM based triple play home networks. Based on NS2 (Network Simulator version2) tool, a simulation study was conducted using triple traffic patterns (video, voice and data) under various home network scenarios. The results basically illustrate that WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) cannot provide sufficient QoS mechanisms to guarantee quasi error free video delivery in a home network when video is competing with voice and data.

Internet of Things (IoT) networks are usually a combination of different types of micro-networks. These sub-networks include local sensor data gathering networks, data processing networks and finally data propagation networks. The data gathering networks are usually micro-nets that perform the task of aggregating data from nearby sensors. Data processing networks perform medium ranged communication to transfer the collected data to different processing (including intermediate storage) nodes, and gather the processed data. Data propagation networks perform long ranged communication, that presents the data on the final requesting device. Due to the involvement of so many networks, there is a need a multi-tier security in IoT networks. But, as we increase the number of security layers, there is a reduction in the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters for the network. These parameters include but are not limited to end to end delay, energy requirement, throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), etc. In this paper, we analyze the effect of different security paradigms on the QoS of IoT networks, and recommend combinations of these paradigms so that the network QoS is minimally affected. This review will be helpful for researchers and network designers who aim to create highly performance and security effective IoT networks. This review also takes into consideration an electronic healthcare application for IoT and analyze algorithms for the same.

In this paper, we propose a hybrid medium access control protocol (H-MAC) for wireless sensor networks. It is based on the IEEE 802.11's power saving mechanism (PSM) and slotted aloha, and utilizes multiple slots dynamically to improve performance. Existing MAC protocols for sensor networks reduce energy consumptions by introducing variation in an active/sleep mechanism. But they may not provide energy efficiency in varying traffic conditions as well as they did not address Quality of Service (QoS) issues. H-MAC, the propose MAC protocol maintains energy efficiency as well as QoS issues like latency, throughput, and channel utilization. Our numerical results show that H-MAC has significant improvements in QoS parameters than the existing MAC protocols for sensor networks while consuming comparable amount of energy.

The use of distributed component based environments and architectures in the software development lifecycle has increased significantly over recent years particularly with the adoption of service orientation in the form of Service-Oriented Architectures and Web Services. As more applications are based on the component paradigm, Quality of Service (QoS) issues have grown to become imperative since it is essential to achieve the desired QoS on resources assembled dynamically from enterprise, service provider, and customer systems. In this work some of the many of aspects of QoS for component based development are investigated and the metrics and measurement approaches that can be used are considered. Although they are generic it is relatively straightforward to drill down from a generic quality attributes, such as performance or reliability, until measurable and controllable quality attributes are identified.

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) has become ubiquitous and is being used to access multimedia services. After the success of 802.11 wireless network standards in the industries, quality of service (QoS) issue in wireless channels became one of the main areas of the research. Compared to the wired networks wireless networks have more limitations in terms of QoS. There have been many proposals addressing end-to-end QoS guarantee in 802.11 WLAN. IEEE 802.11e standard addresses these QoS requirements of WLAN [7]. It provides enhancements to the medium access control (MAC) layer protocol for supporting both prioritized and parameterized traffic between a QoS station (QSTA) and QoS access point (QAP). A thorough investigation is made about the issues of QoS in 802.11 WLAN and the techniques to address these QoS requirements such as bandwidth and delay with different approaches like differentiated service and integrated service are adapted [3]. In this paper we have proposed an algorithm using IEEE 802.11e standard by collision avoidance and adaptively adjusting the Contention Window (CW) for enhancing the QoS of IEEE 802.11 WLAN channel.

Time sensitive networked applications require quality of service (QoS) support in the access networks in order to allocate resources that guarantee the timely delivery of data packets. The European IST integrated project EuQoS provides means to interoperate QoS solutions across selected access networks made available to application developers through a well defined interface. Software oriented architectures (SOA) here offer a promising approach to conceal the establishment of QoS sessions in the heterogeneous access network infrastructure behind a dedicated set of standardized interfaces. While UPnP as a deployment of a SOA defines a QoS architecture that aims to provide QoS support to locally networked devices, it does not allow for inter-domain QoS which is essential for networked applications that increasingly strive for deployment across converging networks (e.g. video-on-demand). This paper presents a new integrated approach that complements the UPnP QoS architecture with the EuQoS system. It encapsulates layer-3 QoS routing functionality and enables QoS sessions located in different subnets. Unlike UPnP it relies on parameterized rather than prioritized traffic descriptions, and thus allows for more accurate and efficient traffic handling. To our knowledge this is one of very few approaches that addresses end-to-end QoS issues in SOAs.

Web services are software applications that are published over the Web, and can be searched and invoked by other programs. New Web services can be formed by composing elementary services, such composite services are called Web service orchestrations. Quality of Service (QoS) issues for Web service orchestrations deeply differ from corresponding QoS issues in network management. In an open world of Web services, service level agreements (SLAs) play an important role. They are contracts defining the obligations and rights between the provider of a Web service and a client with respect to the services' function and quality.

Quality of service (QoS) is a combination of several qualities or properties of a service, such as: availability is the percentage of time that a service is operating; security properties include the existence and type of authentication mechanisms the service offers, confidentiality and data integrity of messages exchanged, nonrepudiation of requests or messages, and resilience to denial-of-service attacks; response time is the time a service takes to respond to various types of requests; Response time is a function of load intensity, which can be measured in terms of arrival rates (such as requests per second) or number of concurrent requests. QoS takes into account not only the average response time, but also the percentile of the response time; and throughput is the rate at which a service can process requests. QoS measures can include the maximum throughput or a function that describes how throughput varies with load intensity. The QoS measure is observed by Web services users. These users are not human beings but programs that send requests for services to Web service providers. QoS issues in Web services have to be evaluated from the perspective of the providers of Web services and from the perspective of the users of these services.

Wireless telecommunications technologies are part of everyday life and represent an essential communication mean in almost all activities. Among these technologies WIFI (Wireless Fidelity) and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) are the most common, and further, they are complementary; WIFI covers small areas with large bandwidth while UMTS covers bigger areas with reduced bandwidth.WIFI and UMTS use different approaches to treat QoS (Quality of Service), thus in order to provide transparent handling of multimedia applications, WIFI and UMTS must agree on QoS parameters. This QoS incompatibility is principally due to their design and physical characteristics. Contrary to the felling that one can have, WLAN QoS is not better than UMTS QoS, even if WLAN provides larger bandwidth.In this study, we will illustrate QoS mechanisms in WLAN and UMTS networks respectively. Next, QoS in WLAN-UMTS interworking systems will be presented. Then, QoS issues in WLAN-UMTS systems will be highlighted, and further, we will address several reasons to justify the fact that WLAN QoS is not better than that of UMTS. And finally, we conclude by indicating future direction to reach better QoS in WLAN-UMTS systems.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are becoming common in use, with a vast diversity of applications. Due to its resource constraints, it is hard to maintain Quality of Service (QoS) with WSNs. Though they contain a vast variety of applications, at the same time they are also required to provide different levels of QoS, for various types of applications. A number of different issues and challenges still persist ahead to maintain the QoS of WSN, especially in critical applications where the accuracy of timely, guaranteed data transfer is required, such as chemical, defense, and healthcare. Hence, QoS is required to ensure the best use of sensor nodes at any time. Researchers are trying to focus on QoS issues and challenges to get maximum benefit from their applications. With this chapter, the authors focus on operational and architectural challenges of handling QoS, requirements of QoS in WSNs, and they discuss a selected survey of QoS aware routing techniques by comparing them in WSNs. Finally, the authors highlight a few open issues and future directions of research for providing QoS in WSNs.

In service-based workflow area, service composition is emerging as a promising technology providing more flexible integration means across a variety of distributed heterogeneous applications. A critical research issue in service composition is how to achieve an optimized overall end-to-end quality of service (QoS) composition’s requirements by effectively coordinating QoS constraints of individual service. However, few of existing representative works have well considered economic strategies closely related to competitive market scenarios to address overall QoS issues in service composition. In this paper, we propose a novel global QoS adjustment approach by employing a recursive bargaining strategy to gradually remove QoS constraint violations for optimizing service composition execution path. Our approach mainly exploits the hidden marketplace competitive techniques from economics for developing a novel bargaining strategy. Based on this strategy, a user agent can simultaneously negotiate with more than one provider for driving them into competition. As a result, concessions may be made by service providers depending on their own economic equilibrium theories to offer better QoS values than their initial proposals and thus a user can win more profits. Through recursively using bargaining strategy, critical nodes of an initially built optimal service composition execution path by local optimization policy can be continuously updated to minimize QoS constraint violations by reselecting better service providers. Eventually, a near-optimal service composition execution path can be reconstructed meeting user’s overall QoS requirements. Meanwhile, an experiment and evaluation have been conducted for the sake of demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed approach.

For Web services providing similar functionality, quality of service (QoS) is the main factor to differentiate them. In this paper, we propose a new approach which enables a more efficient service selection in dynamic environment of QoS characteristics. First, we present a new broker-based architecture for Web services in which the role of service broker is separated from service quality analyzer. Then we propose a three-phase technique that is performed by a third party broker. In phase one, we use the QoS Class concept to categorize service providers based on QoS issues. In phase two, we suppress the uncertainties of QoS provided by service provider leveraging recurrent counter classes. Finally, we consider a third phase which is referenced to an AI planning algorithm the result of which produces a chain of services while considering service requesters restrictions in service selection problems. In this paper, not only do we consider the past QoS acquisition of services, but we consider also the online variation of QoS characteristics in serving services. Hence, the QoS assessment is dynamic and performed online.

Quality of service in delay tolerant networks: A survey