Optimisation of business processes of an international IT company in the context of digitalisation

Introduction. Relevant information about all aspects of doing business, its external and internal environment is the basis for effective management decisions. IT business is characterized by an individualistic approach to each project, and therefore business processes in the IT industry have certain features that require constant optimization and reengineering. In management accounting, where information is created on a clear methodological basis on the principles of reliability, you can track all the facts of economic activity in their relationship and justify the feasibility of optimizing business processes.Goal. The study aims to study the features of doing business in the IT industry, description and classification of possible and appropriate business processes in IT companies, development of methods for analyzing the effectiveness of business processes and justification of their optimization by management accounting. The object of research is the business processes of IT companies, and the subject - the possibility of accounting justification for the need to optimize them in the dynamic conditions of business.Research methods. The research is based on the modern theory of process control, along with which the methods of theoretical generalization, monographic method, economic- mathematical methods and modelling methods, methods of formalization and expert evaluations were used. For the analysis of efficiency and substantiation of expediency of optimization of business processes in IT business methods of their qualitative and quantitative analysis are applied.Results. The essence of business processes in the enterprises of the IT branch is studied, features and specifics of their functioning are analyzed, the system of information and organizational support and the accounting substantiation of expediency of optimization of business processes is offered. Methods of factor analysis revealed the conditions for achieving the efficiency of business processes, methods of analysis of hierarchies developed an accounting system for the formation of quantitative and qualitative information about the need to optimize business processes to achieve their effectiveness taking into account environmental factors.Perspectives. Prospects for using the results of this study are the development of guidelines for optimizing business processes in IT enterprises based on the creation of information about them in the subsystem of management accounting and the use of strategic analysis to take into account opportunities and threats to the environment. Further research on this topic may focus on quantifying business processes and developing quantitative and qualitative indicators of their effectiveness.

The research thoroughly examines the modern business processes in IT companies, focusing on their structuring, integration, and management mechanisms. The emphasis is placed on the transition from traditional, hierarchical methods to more flexible and process-oriented systems. The authors analyze how this evolution impacts corporate culture, business efficiency, and management methods, discussing the new opportunities it opens for companies. The article provides a detailed description of the key components of modern business processes in IT companies, including strategic planning, product management, software development, and other important functional areas. It discusses how the integration and interaction of these elements contribute to increased productivity and efficiency, and how they are interconnected to achieve more effective results. The role of meticulous control and flexible management of these processes in the dynamic IT environment is also highlighted. The authors carefully study how digital transformation affects traditional approaches to management, collaboration, and innovation processes. The article also sheds light on the key challenges and opportunities associated with the digital transformation of business processes in IT companies. Changes in the technological landscape, their impact on corporate culture, and the necessity for personnel adaptation to new working conditions are discussed. Special focus is given to the need for managing changes in organizational structures and processes, which is critical for successful adaptation to rapidly changing market conditions. The article is a valuable resource for leaders and professionals in the IT industry who seek to deeply understand the evolution of management and implement effective strategies for optimizing their business processes in a rapidly changing technological environment. Special attention is paid to the digitalization of business processes, assessing the impact of technological solutions on optimization and automation of management in IT companies.

Background In managing business processes of complex hierarchical systems, primary attention is given to analysing, accelerating, and optimising the basic processes typical for any company. Objectives The goal of this work is to prove that while managing business processes, it is crucial to consider the peculiarities of the external and internal environment to determine the effects of individual triggers. Method An example of business process analysis was provided regarding the peculiarities of managing IT service companies operating in a dynamic environment of rapid technological changes. The business processes analysis of IT service companies in Ukraine was conducted. Business process groups characterised by low use of labour and financial resources and excessive and high levels of risk management were determined. Results An algorithm for optimising the IT company’s business processes was developed. Simulation and optimisation models for managing IT company business processes were developed using scenario modelling and simulation techniques. Conclusion Based on these models, a predictive evaluation of management impacts on business processes was conducted, representing individual clusters according to defined management strategies.

The risks of domestic IT companies in the conditions of integration into the European Union were considered and the analysis of changes in domestic companies was carried out. The development of domestic IT companies in the conditions of instability and military conflicts is studied. An analysis of the risks faced by Ukrainian IT companies in modern conditions was carried out, taking into account the economic, political, innovative and geopolitical situation. The dynamics and changes that took place in the field of Ukrainian information technologies were analyzed, taking into account the latest trends and innovations. The main risks faced by Ukrainian IT companies are identified, in particular, in the context of political, economic changes, changes in legislation, market competition, personnel support, etc. A comparative analysis of risks for Ukrainian and international IT companies in war conditions was performed. The main risks faced by international IT companies are highlighted, especially in the conditions of active use of cyberspace and the spread of geopolitical turbulence: personnel potential and cyber security: personnel potential becomes an important arena of influence. A threat to security and stability can cause an outflow of qualified personnel, which can affect the development and competitiveness of IT companies, strengthening cyber security becomes a strategically important task; economic risks and financial stability: economic instability, in particular in connection with a military conflict, can lead to a decrease in the demand for IT services and an increase in the costs of cyber protection, IT companies should take these risks into account when forming their business strategies; international relations and image: changes in international relations and the image of IT companies can determine their ability to expand to international markets and cooperate with partners, careful study of the political and economic context is an important element of strategic management; flexibility and ability to adapt: IT companies must show flexibility and ability to adapt to rapidly changing conditions, changes in business strategies, emphasis on innovation and flexible forms of work process organization help companies to cope with instability; social responsibility and promotion of peace: IT companies demonstrate their social responsibility through participation in humanitarian programs and promotion of peace initiatives; it can contribute to public support and strengthen the positive image of companies.

The article examines the urgent problem of ensuring the uninterrupted professional development of IT company workers by introducing certification programs for experienced personnel and software security managers. It shows that current knowledge and information in various sectors of the economy complicate the management of business processes, especially in human resource management. Personnel certification is essential for improving workers' qualifications, motivation, and performance assessment. The research focuses on classifying software platforms, ERP, CRM, scientific data, analytics, e-commerce, financial technologies, and communication platforms. It analyzes the advantages and shortcomings of existing platforms for IT companies and their clients and emphasizes the importance of flexibility and scale for meeting clients' complex needs. Particular attention is paid to creating power platforms: priming, system type selection, development stages, testing, and deployment. In addition, a business process for certifying software developers is in place, which includes basic knowledge, practical tasks, testing, and evaluation of results. Recommendations were made to improve the economic efficiency of implementing the water supply system project for residents. Developing energy platforms and certification programs allows IT companies to ensure effective labor resource management, expand markets, and improve client relationships. Such approaches result in increased productivity, reduced costs for software product development, and enhanced worker qualifications. The results may be negative for local and international IT companies in developing strategies and corporate certification programs, and forming business processes directed to the effectiveness of client interactions.

The current state of the IT industry is characterized by a high level of market capitalization and rapid growth rates compared to most other sectors of the global economy. Preservation of the specified competitive position requires research on improving the management efficiency and determines the relevance of the task of evaluating and analyzing IT companies’ business processes system. The problem of analyzing the business process system is sufficiently researched, but the issue of modeling the relationships between individual indicators characterizing business processes and general performance indicators still needs to be refined. Efficiency shows how well the processes in the complex are performed, therefore it is very important not only to evaluate the efficiency indicator quantitatively, but also to determine the degree of influence of individual components on it, to obtain a list of key problematic factors of negative influence, for which minor changes in their course lead to significant changes in the functioning and development of the company as a whole. In the current study, primary attention is paid to strategic business processes, which in turn are decomposed into tactical and operational ones. The overall assessment of the effectiveness of a strategic business process depends on the effectiveness of each subsidiary process. It is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of operational level processes in relation to the amount of labor and material resources spent on their implementation. The purpose of the work is the development and practical implementation of an algorithm for evaluating and analyzing IT company business processes effectiveness. The specified algorithm includes the following main stages: assessment of business process quantitative parameters; building a dependence model of business process results and resource indicators; assessment of business process management efficiency indicators; assessment of the synergistic effect from the implementation of subsidiary business processes. The system of quantitative indicators is obtained as a result of the algorithm implementation. The system allows to rank business processes according to the efficiency level, to determine the degree of influence of business process individual components on the overall efficiency, to evaluate the synergistic effect of the implementation of subsidiary business processes.

The paper proposes an approach to optimizing the functional structure of the business processes of a service IT company based on the business process management system as an active self-organized, viable system that takes into account the peculiarities of the information technology industry development. This allows to optimize the structure of business processes through adequate positioning and formal description of the whole set of complex hierarchical interconnections with the aim of transition from hierarchical to functional structure of enterprise’s business processes taking into consideration the relationships between elements. The designed business process management system is considered as a set of strategic, tactical and operational business processes that are interrelated within a single strategic goal. The graph of the functional tasks of the investigated service IT company is formed, which reflects the incidence and closeness of the links between business processes. The model of optimization of the functional structure of business processes is proposed based on the algorithm, which involves minimizing the total connections of the subsets of the vertices of the functional graph, with the help of which the optimal restructured system of business processes was constructed, which increases the efficiency of management of the investigated service IT company. The advantages and disadvantages of the restructured functional structure of the service IT company’s business processes were analyzed. It is determined that the restructuring of the business process system will be effective only with changes in the enterprise processes management based on appropriate management strategies.

In today’s challenges, efficient business process management is critical to maintaining the competitiveness and stable functioning of IT companies in Ukraine. The relevance of this study is due to the need to identify innovative approaches that help strengthen the resilience of the IT sector in wartime. The paper analyzes how modern management methods help to optimize the activities of companies in unstable conditions, what are the main challenges facing the IT industry, and how government support programs affect its development. The article is aimed at studying the challenges of business process management in IT companies and developing an algorithm for managing business processes in IT companies in times of crisis, which allows to increase their efficiency, adaptability and resilience. The article reviewes the scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, examines the theoretical base, especially the definition of key concepts: «business process» and «business process management». As a result, the problems of managing business processes in the field of IT in the context of the crisis, in particular in the context of the war in Ukraine, are identified as follows: outflow of personnel, funding restrictions, threat of cyberattacks, market uncertainty, and business relocation. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and interviews with managers of leading Ukrainian IT companies, a general algorithm for managing business processes is formed. The proposed approach will allow IT companies to maintain resilience, increase efficiency and adaptability in an unstable environment. Its implementation will help increase the competitiveness of the Ukrainian IT sector in the domestic and international markets. The study also indicates the role of State support, in particular the mode of «Diia.City», grant programs and digital education, which create favorable conditions for the further development of the IT industry. It is proved that the Ukrainian IT sector demonstrates confident development and sustainability and occupies a leading position in global markets, despite the existing challenges.

The research deals with application of the LEAN principles to business processes of a typical IT company. The paper discusses LEAN principles amplifying advantages and shortcomings of their application. The authors suggest use of the LEAN principles as a tool to identify improvement potential for IT company's business processes and work-flow efficiency. During a case study the implementation of LEAN principles has been exemplified in business processes of a particular Latvian IT company. The obtained results and conclusions can be used for meaningful and successful application of LEAN principles and methods in projects of other IT companies.

Internationalised companies in innovative industry need to create means to innovate no matter the country they are from, because globe is the competitive arena for all. Thus, internationalised IT companies from both developing and developed economies must carry out similar innovation management. However, studies comparing countries in different stages of development are scarce. Through an exploratory approach, this study compares the process of innovation management of four international IT companies from an emergent economy (Brazil) and a small-developed economy (Portugal). The results suggest some differences: Brazilian firms present a more undeveloped way to manage both intellectual property and their internal structures of R&D, while Portuguese companies implies higher investment in R&D and a faster and earlier process of internationalisation. Thus, this study contributes to a reflection on the traditional innovation model through the perspective of country of origin and of the impact of companies' internationalisation on their innovation process.

У наукових фахових виданнях недостатньо уваги приділено дослідженню ІТ-послуги як економічної категорії. Це формує неправильне її трактування у практичній площині та обумовлює проблеми неефективної побудови системи управління фінансами в ІТ- компаніях. Автором запропоновано розглядати ІТ-послугу як ІТ-продукт, результат людської діяльності, який продається та купується на ринку; розмежовано поняття ІТ-продукт, ІТ-послуга та ІТ-товар. Встановлено, що первинним поняттям є ІТ- продукт, тобто результат діяльності розробника чи сукупності розробників, який конкретизується у ІТ-послузі, яка є ІТ-товаром, якщо вона виробляється для продажу, і цей продаж стає економічною діяльністю ІТ-компанії. Виділено та досліджено споживчу та мінову вартості ІТ-послуги. Споживча вартість виражається через усвідомлення споживачем корисності ІТ-послуги, її здатність забезпечувати можливість реалізації діджитал-інтересів споживача. Мінова вартість ІТ-послуги характеризується обсягом фінансових ресурсів та є платою споживача за можливість цифровізувати власні бізнес- процеси. У межах мінової вартості виділено тариф фінансової винагороди, що містить три взаємопов’язані складові: собівартість, операційні витрати та маржинальний прибуток.

The article deals with the competitiveness of international companies. The article aims to guide managers and companies to properly determine the strategy for the implementation of cloud solutions by identifying the position of international IT companies in a competitive environment. The subject of the research is four selected IT companies, providers of cloud solutions. The relationships between individual providers of cloud solutions are examined by analysis. The starting point for the elaboration of the article is annual reports, professional articles, and publications of domestic and foreign authors. In the first section, we deal with theoretical knowledge in the field of competitiveness, strategies, and analysis of the external and internal environment of the company. The second section deals with the main and partial goals. In the third section, we deal with research methods and work procedures. We characterize selected IT companies. The last section summarizes the achieved results of the work and discussion.

Levels of achieving organizational goals of any company reflect the effectiveness of the enterprise management information system, especially with regard to human resources management aspects. Increasing the productivity of each employee reduces the cost of services and improves the quality of their provision. The main purpose of this article is to determine whether data comics is better and easier business process visualization format compared to a modeling language or not. The hypothesis was checked based on a case study about an internal business process of an IT company in Saint Petersburg. The object of study of this work is a company N - an enterprise in the oil and gas industry and its activities in terms of electronic document management. The subject of the work is the electronic document management system used at the enterprise. The sources for searching articles related to the topic of the study were Google.Scholar, ResearchGate, Scopus. The keywords for the search were Visualization of Business Processes, Data Comics, and combinations. Since data comics is quite a new method of visualization and it was necessary to go through practical research, the criteria for filtering were > 2015. However, for theoretical purposes, earlier works were reviewed. The analysis of the survey results is carried out and recommendations for its practical implementation are given. The results of the case study are encouraging for the use of data comics, especially for internal use in the IT company because of many processes that some employees do not correctly understand. Making this study let respondents acquainted with a new and unknown method of data comics (no one of the employees have ever come across it). Creation of data comics for one business process requires not more than a working day and there is no need to hire a new employee (a graphic designer, for example), as data comics modeling is an easy process and there a lot of special tools to draw them (canva.com, makebriefscomics.com, etc.) The further research may be based on a project of implementation data comics in the IT company firstly for internal purposes. After the implementation and getting results data comics may be applied to external business processes and involve customers of the company.

The present article describes the stages of website development business process in the IT company, identifies the main shortcomings and problems in the structure of the business process through carrying out the analysis. Project management tools have been considered as tools of business process improvement, the criteria for selecting a project management system for implementation in the organization under study have been outlined. We have substantiated the efficiency of the project management system for the business process under study, and calculated the indicators of project efficiency before and after management automation in the process of web design. The use of project management tools in improving the studied business process of an IT company is characterized by positive results: increasing the number of projects implemented, increasing the average revenue of projects implemented reducing the average time spent on the project, reducing the average cost of the project and increasing the average profit of projects implemented.

Quality of IT Services (QoS), providing across all globally distributed regions via Internet, use modern cloud computing IT technologies having big data flow and, therefore, is actual. This paper briefly describes the methods of analysis and visualization of monitoring big data based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of a cloud computing IT system using real world example of globally distributed infrastructure of the International IT Company. Implementation of proposed methods of visual analytics in worldwide leading IT companies – RingCentral (USA) and Zabbix (Latvia), – allowed improving of QoS and availability of IT services up to a worldwide level of 99.999% in 24/7 mode. Implementation of new solutions in IT companies is confirmed by corresponding documents and by publications in PhD and DSc thesis of the coauthors.