Abstract
The production of biodiesel from dairy effluent scum using calcined egg shell as the transesterification catalyst has been explored. Eggshell powder was calcined at 900 °C for 3 h and used as catalyst. The influence of methanol-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature were studied using Response Surface Methodology employing a Central Composite Rotatable Design. An empirical model that relates the yield of biodiesel to the studied factors was obtained. The model has high statistical significance at 95% confidence interval with R2 and adjusted R2 values of 96.31% and 95.75% respectively. Results showed that among the three studied factors, the methanol-oil molar ratio had the greatest contribution to the yield of dairy effluent scum derived biodiesel followed by reaction temperature and finally, the catalyst concentration. Significant interaction effects were also present between methanol-oil ratio and catalyst, catalyst and reaction temperature and methanol-oil ratio and reaction temperature. Accordingly, the optimal variable settings were 14.355:1 methanol-oil molar ratio, 3.09% catalyst loading by weight of pre-treated dairy scum oil and 55.20°C reaction temperature; with a corresponding yield of 92.72%.
Highlights
Dairy effluent scum is a floatable material skimmed from the surface of primary and secondary settling tanks in dairy effluent treatment plants
The results indicate that the calcine is predominantly Calcium oxide (CaO)
Eggshells and dairy effluent scum present a lot of disposal challenges and their utilization may help in minimizing environmental pollution
Summary
Dairy effluent scum is a floatable material skimmed from the surface of primary and secondary settling tanks in dairy effluent treatment plants It consists of residual milkrelated fats, proteins, soaps associated with the cleaning process, lipids and other impurities and is generated upon cleaning of equipment used to produce dairy products [1]. Catalino et al [5] investigated the production of biodiesel from soybean oil and waste frying oils using calcined calcium rich food wastes such as mollusk, shrimp, egg shell and cuttlebone as catalysts. They observed that the XRD diffraction lines for their catalysts were typical of lime with slight contaminations of calcite. The calcined catalyst can be separated from the reaction mixture
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