Abstract
Train aerodynamic performance greatly affects the efficiency of driving energy and passengers’ comfort. This paper aimed to simulate several forms of train models that produce low and stable aerodynamic obstacles as well as low noise at medium speeds of 120 – 1 50 km/hr. The first step to do was the study of literature on train design models, aeroacoustics, aerodynamics, and human ergonomics. Existing 3D CAD and S-R train models with slender ratios = 4, 6, and 8 were tested using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Aerospace (CAA) to determine the impact of airflow. The models that have been built were tested at medium speeds of 120 to 150 km/hr. The final simulation results showed that the existing train produced a drag coefficient (Cd) of around 1.27, average noise of 35.9dB, and fuel requirements by 1.7 liters/km. It is different from trains with a slenderness ratio = 6 that produces the best aerodynamic performance with a drag coefficient (Cd) around 0.436, average noise of 9.4 dB, and fuel consumption of 0.73 liters/km. The results concluded that the medium speed needs to adjust the S-R train model with a slenderness ratio = 6 that can produce an aerodynamic performance to improve train user comfort and save fuel.
Highlights
Demands for driving comfort and energy efficiency become the most consideration for train passengers at the end of this decade
There are allegations that the design adjustments to the railroad model need to be proven if implemented on medium-speed trains, especially based on the aerodynamic and ergonomic requirements of trains
The courage to use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software to simulate aerodynamics across the train body is an advantage in design efficiency
Summary
Demands for driving comfort and energy efficiency become the most consideration for train passengers at the end of this decade. The existence of mass transportation such as trains is one of the right solutions for high levels of traffic density and the need for high mobility This is the reason why the train body design is associated with aerodynamics performance and this problem continues to develop along with the development of technology and information systems. The demand for more comfortable railroad designs for passengers and railroad officers cannot be separated from the resulting aerodynamic performance. Among those performances are the received noise level, the stability of the train car body, and the vibrations that occur. The level of pressure coefficient fluctuation (Cp) along the train cars is needed to clarify aerodynamic input in train vibrations.
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