Abstract
In order to decrease fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, electric vehicles (EVs) are being widely adopted as a future transportation system. Accordingly, increasing the number of EVs will mean battery charging will have a significant impact on the power grid. In order to manage EV charging, an intelligent charging strategy is required to prevent the power grid from overloading. Therefore, we propose an optimal energy management algorithm (OEMA) to minimize peak load on a university campus consisting of an educational building with laboratories, a smart parking lot, EVs, photovoltaic (PV) panels and an energy storage system (ESS). Communication networks are used to connect all the system components to a university energy management system (UEMS). The proposed OEMA algorithm coordinates EV charging/discharging so as to reduce the peak load of the building’s power consumption by considering the real-time price (RTP). We also develop a priority determination method for the time allocation of the optimal charging algorithm. Priority is determined by arrival time, departure time, state-of-charge (SOC), battery capacity and trip distance. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of charging cost and peak load under the real environment of the university engineering building.
Highlights
Nowadays, electric vehicles (EVs) are receiving great attention due to their benefits in saving energy, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing the dependence on conventional fossil fuels [1,2]
This paper studies the impact of EV charging on the building’s power consumption and presents a cost-effective solution for peak load minimization in an educational building equipped with a PV
We considered a real case study to evaluate the performance of the proposed optimal energy management algorithm
Summary
Electric vehicles (EVs) are receiving great attention due to their benefits in saving energy, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing the dependence on conventional fossil fuels [1,2]. Driven by policies and regulations, the number of EVs is projected to rise significantly over the coming decades [3,4]. As the penetration rate of EVs is expected to continue growing exponentially, a lot of energy will be required to support EV charging. The influences of EVs on the power grid may include power losses (feeders overloading and transformer overloading) and power quality (harmonics, unacceptable voltage fluctuations and voltage profile) [5]. The charging process of EVs will significantly affect the electric power grid, especially during peak hours [6]. Among the possible solutions to cope with the new peak demand during peak hours is to increase power generation to handle the growth in vehicle charging or to upgrade the distribution
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