Abstract
Renewable power sources are increasing mainly because of economic institutions such as renewable portfolio standard or feed-in tariff program. In Japan, the feed-in tariff program triggered explosive growth of photovoltaic systems because of its high tariff level. Although mass introduction of photovoltaic systems certainly contributes to reduce CO2 emissions, it causes instability issues in power systems. One of the most serious issues is management of imbalances resulting from forecast errors in photovoltaic outputs. On the other hand, power-to-gas technologies are attracting our attention, since these technologies could convert surplus of renewable energy to other energy carriers. In particular, hydrogen is efficiently produced from electricity using electrolysis. We could use hydrogen to manage the imbalances by the system, in which uncertain parts of photovoltaic outputs are used to produce hydrogen. In this paper, we propose a coproduction system of electricity and hydrogen to reduce the imbalances. For this purpose, a novel mathematical model is developed, in which we determine the structure of the coproduction system with a mixed integer linear programming method. Evaluated results indicated that the coproduction system is economical under appropriate capacity of the electrolyzer.
Highlights
Renewable power sources are increasing in the world, mainly because of economic institutions such as RPS, renewable portfolio standard or FIT, feed-in tariff program
This paper aims at designing a novel coproduction system, in which certain parts of PV outputs are sold as electricity, and uncertain parts of PV outputs are sold as hydrogen
Increase of renewable power sources certainly contributes to decarbonization of energy systems, explosive growth of them threatens stability of power systems
Summary
Renewable power sources are increasing in the world, mainly because of economic institutions such as RPS, renewable portfolio standard or FIT, feed-in tariff program. Local power retail companies are increasing nowadays in various countries including Japan These companies are mainly procuring renewable power sources such as PV systems. It is significant for the local power retail companies to reduce the imbalances by themselves. Regarding analyses in this field, Takahashi [2] developed a mathematical model to operate power systems in the uncertainty It is not for local power retail companies, but for large electric utilities. There are past researches utilizing hydrogen to control fluctuating wind power outputs, very few papers exist regarding to hydrogen utilization for managing imbalances in a local power retail company, which is investigated in this article
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