Abstract
We report a novel optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy concept to obtain an axial resolution only by optical methods. The photoacoustic signal is generated through a non-radiative relaxation from a level that is populated by excited state absorption. This two-step excitation process of a single laser enables to achieve an optical sectioning without any acoustic selectivity, whereby a full optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy is obtained. We bring a proof of this concept using Rhodamine and Zinc Tetraphenylporphyrin dyes known for their efficient excited state absorption process.
Highlights
Photoacoustic imaging of solid or liquid samples is an emerging imaging modality, where light excitation is coupled to acoustic detection via the photoacoustic effect
We report a pure optical sectioning via optical nonlinearity for the optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy as a proof of concept, which is the so-called Full OpticalResolution Photoacoustic Microscopy (FOR-PAM) (Full optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy)
The FOR-PAM concept proposed in this work utilizes moderate excitation in the visible range and a filtering is not necessary because the involved optical nonlinear process is more efficient than other two-photon excitation effects
Summary
Photoacoustic imaging of solid or liquid samples ( for biological tissues) is an emerging imaging modality, where light excitation is coupled to acoustic detection via the photoacoustic effect. Because the photoacoustic technique is less sensitive than the fluorescence detection, strong pulsed excitation is necessary, which would cause power broadening effect. In this case, the lateral-resolution becomes ~4 μm [7]. In the past few years, several groups have reported the two-photon excited acoustic contrast for microscopy [12,13], but the excitation in the infrared range causes a large one-photon background due to overtone absorption of the solvent [14] In this case, a fancy filtering was necessary, and the setup became complicated. The FOR-PAM concept proposed in this work utilizes moderate excitation in the visible range and a filtering is not necessary because the involved optical nonlinear process is more efficient than other two-photon excitation effects
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