Abstract
We study the non-linear optical properties associated with negatively charged excitons (trions) in II-VI semiconductor quantum wells and single quantum dots. In n-type doped quantum well structures, we observe optical gain and lasing at the trion resonance. The trion momentum distribution spreads out deeper in k-space, while the electrons are closer to the zone center. This results in optical gain at moderate injection levels without inversion in the total number of trions and electrons. The non-linear response of single self-assembled CdSe/ZnSe quantum dots charged with an electron is indeed atom-like. We observe complete bleaching of linear trion absorption spectrum and appearance of induced absorption due to two-pair excitations. The data embody clear signatures for Pauli blocking, few-particle Coulomb correlation, as well as electron-hole exchange finestructure.
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