Abstract
Magnetic field sensing is an important issue for many application areas, such as in the military, industry and navigation. The current sensors used to monitor this parameter can be susceptible to electromagnetic interferences, however due to their advantages over the traditional sensors, the optical fiber devices could be an excellent alternative. Furthermore, magnetic fluid (MF) is a new type of functional material which possesses outstanding properties, including Faraday effect, birefringence, tunable refractive index and field dependent transmission. In this paper, the optical fiber magnetic field sensors using MF as sensing element are reviewed. Due to the extensive literature, only the most used sensing configurations are addressed and discussed, which include optical fiber grating, interferometry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and other schemes involving tailored (etched, tapered and U-shaped) fibers.
Highlights
Magnetic field sensors have been widely used in many scientific and industrial applications, including biomedical detection, the aviation industry, space and geophysical research, and controlled nuclear fusion [1,2,3,4]
3O4 magnetic fluid (MF), the results reveal a nonlinear dependence of thetowavelength of the with theFemagnetic field
Tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) based ring resonance cavity structure, which was along period which is described as Λ = Λ TFBG cosθ TFBG, where ΛTFBG represents the grating period encapsulated into a silica capillary filled with EMG 605 MF, for transverse magnetic field monitoring the axis fiber
Summary
Magnetic field sensors have been widely used in many scientific and industrial applications, including biomedical detection, the aviation industry, space and geophysical research, and controlled nuclear fusion [1,2,3,4]. The traditional methods often use the Hall effect, magneto-transistor, magnetodiode, fluxgate, magneto-resistive (amorphous and giant magneto-resistors) or other semiconductor effects to sense magnetic fields [5,6,7,8,9,10] These devices present some disadvantages related to their miniaturization, power consumption, cost, lack of stability, reduced multiplexing capability and remote monitoring. Several optical fiber sensors for magnetic field monitoring have been reported, based on different sensing techniques, including the Faraday effect [12,13] and magnetostrictive materials [14,15,16]. The second effect involves, in some cases, the use of additional schemes to compensate for the thermal influence Despite these two aspects, the number of the MF-based magnetic field sensors is increasing, reflecting the advantageous characteristics of these materials. Due to the high number of acronyms used in this article, at the end of the manuscript, a list is included as an Appendix A
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