Abstract
Lysozyme, also called “muramidase”, is an antimicrobial enzyme with antibacterial activity with importance in medicine, food industry, protein studies and enzymology. Lysozyme is also a model analyte in the biosensing field. Optical biosensors have been proposed as alternative analytical tools to the standard detection of lysozyme by ELISA, chromatographic methods or capillary electrophoresis. These biosensors combine specific recognition via antibodies, aptamers, peptides, Micrococcus lysodeikticus bacteria and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with sensitive detection based on luminescence, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), colorimetry etc. To deliver shorter response time, a better sensitivity, but also a lower cost, many of the sensing schemes included nanomaterial and enzyme-enabled amplification. Several biological and food matrices were explored for the potential applications of optical biosensors. The review presents the bioreceptors used and provides illustrative details on the sensing schemes, discussed in relation to the method of detection. Challenges for real samples applications and perspectives of optical biosensors for lysozyme are also presented.
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