Abstract
The influence of channel height on flame spread in a circular duct of the solid fuel in an opposed-flow configuration was examined. Polymethylmethacrylate cylinders with a circular duct (diameter of 1, 2, or 3 mm) were used as fuel specimens, and both flame-spreading and stabilized combustion were observed. In the case of stabilized combustion, the flame cannot spread into the duct because of the high oxygen velocity. The flame-traveling velocity is the velocity at which the flame widens the duct by fuel consumption. Therefore, the flame-traveling velocity in stabilized combustion is significantly low compared with flame-spreading combustion. In the case of flame-spreading combustion, the equivalence velocity, which contains channel height information, defines whether the regime is the thermal or the chemical regime. When the equivalent velocity is higher than a certain value, the flame-spread rate is controlled by chemical effects. On the whole, the flame-spread rate decreases with the decrease of channel height in the case of flame-spreading combustion because of the curvature effect. Owing to the curvature effect, the area ratio of the flame to that of the solid surface decreases with decreasing channel height, and this is conspicuous when the channel height is low. The curvature effect is negligible when the channel height is sufficiently large compared with the flame stand-off distance.
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