Abstract
Life cycle engineering (LCE) was introduced in the early 1990s with a main focus on designing products to reduce their environmental impact in a life cycle perspective. In the meantime, the world has seen a dramatic increase in environmental pollution despite the significant eco-efficiency improvement of individual products and services, highlighting the gap between bottom-up LCE activities and top-down sustainability concepts such as planetary boundaries that reflect the limited carrying capacity of the climate- and ecosystems of the world. This accelerates the need to address environmental sustainability as an absolute in the engineering of products and services, and this paper introduces a structured approach to bridge the gap between the top-down and bottom-up perspectives. Building on a disaggregated IPAT identity, the approach supports identifying potential mitigation options as input for LCE activities. A case study on cement products is used to demonstrate the application of the approach.
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