Abstract
The efficiency and durability of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) can be improved with proper controller design to regulate the flow of reactants, cell stack temperature and humidity of the membrane. In this paper, sliding mode controllers (SMC) are proposed for a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell</i> PEMFC. In particular, first order SMC and second order SMC based on super twisting algorithm are designed and investigated. The actual process has been formulated in simulation by Pukurushpan’s ninth order model. Performance of both control laws has been compared in simulation in MATLAB/Simulink environment in terms of oxygen excess ratio, net power generated, stack voltage/power produced and compressor motor voltage. Simulation results dictate that second order SMC demonstrates superior performance in terms of set-point tracking and disturbance rejection. The designed controller makes the interaction of various subsystems in a smooth manner and consequently improves the overall efficiency of the system and prolongs the stack life of the fuel cells.
Highlights
Energy demand is increasing with the passage of time [1]
MATHEMATICAL MODEL The PEM fuel cell is a standard 9th order non-linear system developed by Pukrushpan [27]
The objective is to analyze the performance of the designed first order sliding mode controllers (SMC) and second order SMC with super twisting algorithm and to observe controllers’ behavior for oxygen excess ratio, stack voltage and the generated power in the presence of model uncertainties and disturbances along variety of power demands
Summary
Energy demand is increasing with the passage of time [1]. With exponential population growth, the demand of energy is increasing exponentially. The combustion of fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide and a lot of energy is dissipated in the form of heat. These oxides and un-burned hydrocarbons are a major health hazard for human being and cause an overall negative impact on our environment. During random variations in load requirements in real time scenarios, the demand of reactants increases or decreases If this demand for the reactants does not meet the actual requirements, there is a danger of fuel or oxygen starvation or excess can damage the cell stack reducing the life span of the system.
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