Abstract
We summarize recent observational and theoretical results and discuss the open challenges for astrochemistry and the promises offered by the current and upcoming instruments. Some of the main challenges are listed below. - Characterization of the structure of the interstellar medium - Coupling of the matter with magnetic fields, role of cosmic rays - Coupling of the dynamics with the evolution of matter (chemistry, ionization degree, depletion, desorption) - Characterization of dust grains (composition, size, emissivity, polarization) - Evolution of the carbonaceous matter, PAHs, aggregates and Diffuse Interstellar Bands (DIBs) carriers - Oxygen chemistry and the low abundance of molecular oxygen - Nitrogen chemistry and its seeds, the nitrogen hydrides - Sulfur chemistry and the contribution of S + to the charge balance of translucent matter - Neutral-neutral reactions involving simple radicals (CH, CH2, OH, etc.).
Highlights
The future directions of research in astrophysics have been defined recently, both at the European and national levels2
The main scientific themes have been summarized by the ASTRONET panels in four questions: - Do we understand the extremes of the Universe ? - How do galaxies form and evolve ? - What is the origin and evolution of stars and planets ? - How do we fit in ?
EPJ Web of Conferences broad topics: - Evolution of the matter : This topic includes the evolution of the solid matter in all its forms, as well as the evolution of gas-phase species, and the relation between the solid and gas phases - Dynamics of astrophysical diffuse media : The chemical composition of diffuse media determines their energetic budget and controls their coupling to magnetic fields through the abundance of charged species
Summary
The future directions of research in astrophysics have been defined recently, both at the European (under the umbrella of the ASTRONET network1) and national levels. The coupling of the chemistry and dynamics of astrophysical media, from the largest scale of the objects themselves (galaxy, molecular cloud, proto-planetary disk) down to the very small scales where turbulence dissipates, has been identified as a key issue for future research. This topic includes the understanding of shocks, photon-dominated regions, disk dynamics, etc. The step for the future is to better understand the sources of these uncertainties and reduce them in order to produce quantitative measurements that can be compared to state of the art models This remark applies to grains, since their composition and size distribution are required to properly interprete the astrophysical signals
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