Фoтocинтетична прoдуктивнicть кукурудзи залежно від агротехнологічних заходів

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the indicators of photosynthetic productivity of maize hybrids depending on agro-technological measures in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used biological – field research and statistical methods – descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Results. The maximum values ​​of leaf surface area in the hybrid DN PIVIHA in the phase of milk ripeness were with the use of mineral nutrition system (N240P120K40) at a plant density of 75 thousand pieces/ha – 38.79 thousand m2, and in the hybrid DN ORLIK for the same experiments – 39.99 thousand m2. Accordingly, the maximum leaf area in the hybrid DN SARMAT in the phase of milk ripeness was with the use of mineral nutrition system (N240P120K40) at a plant density of 65 thousand pieces/ha – 38.94 thousand m2. In the phase of milk ripeness, corn plants on average according to the experiment formed a fairly decent reserves of dry matter – at the level of 14.42 t/ha. Similarly, the best indicators of dry matter accumulation were in the hybrids of DN PIVYHA and DN ORLYK were the variants of the organo-mineral system of fertilizer and density of 75 thousand pieces/ha – 16.12 and 16.93 t/ha, and in the hybrid of DN SARMAT by density in 65 thousand pieces/hectare – 18.03 thectare. Similar patterns of dry matter accumulation were observed at the time of full maturity of plants. In the milk-full maturity phase, the best in terms of photosynthetic potential were the variants of the application of the mineral fertilizer system (N240P120K40) and the density of 75 thousand pieces/ha – 0.49, 0.53 and 0.59 thousand m2/ha in the hybrids DN PIVYHA, DN ORLYK and DN SARMAT. Although the last hybrid at a density of 65 housand units/ha AF did not differ significantly – 0.56 thousand m2/ha. Conclusions. The generalization of the data confirms the general biological patterns of formation of corn leaf area by corn plants. At the same time, we do not observe significant differentiation between hybrids of different maturity groups. What is most likely caused by the peculiarities of the formation of optimal crops of corn in accordance with the density of crops. The use of organic fertilizers for fertilization of maize hybrids contributed to the formation of better parameters of net plant productivity of all studied maize hybrids compared to the mineral fertilizer system.